OBJECTIVE To estimate the distribution of asthma severity in a population-based sample of children from Salvador, Brazil. METHODS An epidemiologically oriented questionnaire (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, ISAAC) and a questionnaire based on criteria used in clinical practice (The Global Initiative for Asthma, GINA) were administered simultaneously to 417 children a...

Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs) are Unicode strings used to identify resources on the Internet. Applications that use IRIs often define a means of comparing IRIs to determine when two IRIs are equivalent for the purpose of that application. Some applications also define a method for canonicalizing an IRI -translating one IRI into another which is equivalent under the comparison me...

The incidence of acute kidney injury due to ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is rising but effective treatments and preventative approaches are currently lacking. IRI is also an inevitable consequence of kidney transplantation and significantly contributes to delayed graft function. Heat-shock proteins (Hsps) are highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperones that help maint...

Human liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common and major clinical problem complicating liver surgery and transplantation. The pathogenesis underlying IRI is complex, involving a series of signaling mediators and mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) on the changes of oxidant stress and apoptosis induced by IRI in human hepatic ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the course of tubular cell senescence and expressions of p53, p21, and Rb during the late phase of ischemia/reperfusion (IRI) in the kidney, and assess the effects of the p53-Rb pathway on tubular cell senescence. METHODS Experimental models of unilateral renal IRI were used in p53 (+/+) and p53 (-/-) mice. Histological changes at the tubular level, progress of cell s...

During aortic surgery, interruption of spinal cord blood flow might cause spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The incidence of spinal cord IRI after aortic surgery is up to 28%, and patients with spinal cord IRI might suffer from postoperative paraplegia or paraparesis. Spinal cord IRI includes two phases. The immediate spinal cord injury is related to acute ischemia. And the delayed...

guidelines provided by various prominent bodies on the disease with GINA (Global Initiative For Asthma) guidelines being most popular. In spite of these guidelines a significant proportion of patients fail to achieve good control of their symptoms or prevent severe exacerbations. Therefore there are lots of new treatment options which are being studied and few of them are in pipeline. This revi...

This paper describes our methodology in providing designers with a new advanced 3D modeling Human-Computer Interaction. The main project – called GINA, a French acronym for Interactive and Natural Geometry – expect to introduce new intuitive and creative 3D modeling tools, relying on 2D perspective drawing reconstruction. We present here the user study we conducted and the implications of this ...

Hepatocyte-specific HMGB1 deletion has been found to worsen the injury and inflammation in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), highlighting a role for intracellular HMGB1 in cellular protection. Down-regulation of nuclear HMGB1 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) might not only decrease its injurious extracellular role by reducing its release but also serve to maintain its beneficial intracel...

Kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is, in part, mediated by immune and inflammatory factors. Since microbial stimuli are known to alter immune and inflammatory responses, we hypothesized that differences in perinatal microbial status would modify renal injury following IRI. We performed bilateral renal IRI on 6-wk-old germ-free and control mice and studied the effects on kidney lymphocyte...