Energy from waste (EfW) for nonrecyclable wastes is a suitable method of waste management and is important for renewable energy production. South Korea currently recycles 57% of household waste and landfills 26%. The remaining 17% is incinerated, mainly for heat production. In this study, the potential for energy production and reduction of corresponding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from muni...

Thailand is one of the world’s leaders of rice producers and exporters. Farmers have to increase the rice cultivation frequency for serving the national increasing of export’s demand. It leads to an elimination of rice residues by open burning which is the quickest and costless management method. The open burning of rice residue is one of the major causes of air pollutants and greenhouse gas (G...

The study of greenhouse gas emissions has become a global focus, but few studies have considered saline-alkali paddy fields. Gas samples and saline-alkali soil samples were collected during the green, tillering, booting, heading and grain filling stages. The emission fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O as well as the pH, soil soluble salt, available nitrogen, and soil organic carbon contents were detec...

Policy-makers targeting reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have a variety of instruments at their disposal (emission taxes excluded). Policies implemented thus far such as the Kyoto protocol, EU’s Emission Trading Scheme, and the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative in the US north-east, suggest that the preferred instrument is an emission quota per polluter. The prinicipal activity targ...

This study examines the GHG emissions associated with producing bio-hydrocarbons via fast pyrolysis of Miscanthus. The feedstock is then upgraded to bio-oil products via hydroprocessing and zeolite cracking. Inventory data for this study were obtained from current commercial cultivation practices of Miscanthus in the UK and state-of-the-art process models developed in Aspen Plus . The system bo...

Concerns about climate change and the increasing cost of fossil fuels have led to interest in the development of renewable biofuel pathways for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The use of corn residue as a potential source of biomass feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production has been favored as cost effective. Previous research has shown that crop residue removal can cause a loss of s...

BACKGROUND The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that may accompany land-use change (LUC) from increased biofuel feedstock production are a source of debate in the discussion of drawbacks and advantages of biofuels. Estimates of LUC GHG emissions focus mainly on corn ethanol and vary widely. Increasing the understanding of LUC GHG impacts associated with both corn and cellulosic ethanol will infor...

A simple biofuel production system can be first examined for its policy 8 compliance in terms of GHG emission reduction target relative to fossil-based 9 counterparts. More integrated and optimised biorefinery systems with polygeneration 10 can then be evolved with the aid of graphical analysis of marginal emission savings 11 vs. additional economic margins. This bottom-up approach helps to ach...

The role of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from freshwater reservoirs and their contribution in increasing atmospheric GHG concentrations is actually well discussed worldwide. The amount of GHGs emitted at the air-water interface of reservoirs varies over time. The maximum is attained within 3 to 5 years after impoundment. In reservoirs older >10 years in boreal and semi-arid regions, GHG emiss...