Meiotic reinitiation of the mouse oocyte is characterized by a slow entry into metaphase I, beginning with germinal vesicle breakdown and ending with spindle formation. It is accompanied by a cascade of protein kinases and phosphatases increasing protein phosphorylation. The activation of histone H1 kinase and that of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p42 have been compared during spontaneou...

Background: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is considered the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The global incidence DLBCL has been doubled in past decades, highlighting need for more effective treatment regimens. curability heavily influenced by a number factors, such as age, international prognostic index (IPI) score, molecular origin (COO) subtype, and presence/ absence specifi...

During germinal center reactions, the appearance of two specific zones are observed: the dark and the light zone. Up to now, the origin and function of these zones are poorly understood. In the framework of a stochastic and discrete model, several possible pathways of zone development during germinal center reactions are investigated. The importance of the zones in the germinal center for affin...

The germinal matrix being an accumulation of immature blood vessels in the premature infant brain is known to be the main cause of the intracranial hemorrhage. To investigate the injuring mechanism to the blood vessels of the germinal matrix, a modeling scenario that consists of three basic steps is proposed. First, the cerebral blood flow that depends on autoregulation, CO2 reactivity, and var...

It is generally accepted that the tingible bodies (Körper) of Flemming (7) found in lymphatic tissue germinal centers represent phagocytized nuclear debris of small lymphocytes (1, 2, 6, 7, 11, and others) or both lymphocyte and erythrocyte debris (15) . Several ideas about the significance of tingible bodies assume that they are small lymphocytes . The "graveyard theory" emphasizes the phagocy...

This study compares the ultrastructure of murine embryonal carcinoma cells, the multipotential stem cells of teratocarcinomas, with the constituents of the primordial testicular tubules in which they arise. The primordial tubules were composed of Sertoli cells and primordial germinal cells ; the former were well differentiated with Golgi membranes and well developed cisternal endoplasmic reticu...

this study represents a highly efficient and regioselective ring-opening of epoxides with acetic anhydride in the presence of naoac·3h2o at solvent-free conditions. the ring-opening of different classes of epoxides were carried in oil bath (70-80 °c) to afford 1,2-diacetates in high to excellent yields

a simple and efficient procedure for converting a variety of 1,1-diacetates into the corresponding aldehydes was developed. the methodology has been done with zirconium sulfate tetrahydrate-silica gel as catalyst. the temperature plays an important role in these reactions. the phenolic acetate function can selectively be deprotected into phenol.

Background: Plant materials continue to play an important role in the maintenance of human health since antiquity. Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring plant substances that can either mimic or antagonize the action of endogenous estrogens. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of vitex agnus as a phytoestrogenic plants, essential oil on structure and morphology of seminiferous ...