We present a news-based measure of adverse geopolitical events and associated risks. The risk (GPR) index spikes around the two world wars, at beginning Korean War, during Cuban Missile Crisis, after 9/11. Higher foreshadows lower investment employment is with higher disaster probability larger downside consequences GPR are driven by both threat realization events. We complement our aggr...

Indicators that rank countries according socioeconomic measurements are important tools for regional development and political reform. Those currently in widespread use are sometimes criticized for a lack of reproducibility or the inability to compare values over time, necessitating simple, fast and systematic measures. Here, we applied the 'guilt by association' principle often used in biologi...

Over the past decade, the Arctic region has received increased attention from climate scientists, politicians, and transnational corporations. Human-induced climate change is causing glaciers to recede, resulting in new northern sea passages that are highly sought after by businesses and governments alike. Deeply affected by this increased northern exposure are Arctic Fourth World nations – pol...

Not only do individuals and firms compete with each other within an industry, there is also industry competition with other industries and competition of an industry with its customers and vendors. The rules of industry competition are embedded in market structure and difficult to modify. These rules are discussed under the headings of overall market growth, barriers to entry, rivalries within ...

In this work, we present a model based on a competitive dynamics that intends to imitate the processes leading to some characteristics of the geopolitical division. The model departs from very simple principles of geopolitical theory and geometrical considerations, but succeeds in explaining the general features related to the actual process. At the same time, we will propose an evolutionary ex...