Global Software Development (GSD) is a major direction in software engineering. There is interest in applying scrum practices in distributed projects. Project stakeholder distribution in GSD is represented by geographical distance, which generates challenges for communication. This paper is written to evaluate the effect of scrum practices in mitigating geographical distance-based communication...

In classical routing protocols, geographical distances/locations are typically used as the metric to select the best route, under the assumption that shorter distances exhibit lower energy consumption and nodes within the communication range of the sender can receive packets with a certain success probability. However, in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), sound propagation in the oce...

Psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions rely mainly on verbal communication and language. With the expanding use of computers as well as the capacity of the Internet to bridge geographic distances and to increase access, computer mediated communication (CMC) plays an increasing role for the delivery of psychosocial interventions. This chapter focuses on the advantages and limitations of CM...

It has been hypothesized that, in species exhibiting natal philopatry, genetically related individuals would have home ranges closer to each other than those of unrelated individuals. Using radiotelemetry (2001–2003) and genetic data from 35 female Florida black bears (Ursus americanus floridanus), we tested the hypothesis that genetic relatedness among individuals influenced the spatial organi...

This paper studies the effect of supplier-customer relationship on supplier innovation through a knowledge spillover channel. We use the geographical distance between a supplier and its major customers to capture knowledge spillovers along the supply chain. To establish causality, we explore plausibly exogenous variation in distance caused by customer headquarters relocations. In a difference-i...

We synthesize the financial crisis contagion literature through the gravity model from physics and test the hypothesis that the severity of contagion relates positively to trade and financial linkages but negatively to psychic distance between countries, when macroeconomic fundamentals and institutional factors are controlled. The psychic distance variable, a behavioral predictor constructed al...

The Internet’s tremendous value is undoubtedly dependent on its universal connectivity among a great number of heterogeneous networks that are distributed over the world. In recent years, while the Internet’s scale has expanded exponentially, the current status of its connectivity is still in the lack of comprehensive and formal study. In this paper, we contribute to the understanding of Intern...

The Internet revolution has made long-distance communication dramatically faster, easier, and cheaper than ever before. This, it has been argued, has decreased the importance of geographic proximity in social interactions, transforming our world into a “global village” with a "borderless society". We argue for the opposite: while technology has undoubtedly increased the overall level of communi...

Designing large scale real estate projects often requires collaboration between consultants and agencies that are located in different geographical areas. The added constraint of geographical distance to a design approach that already involves multiple participants makes design collaboration a particularly challenging task. This study hypothesizes that design collaboration could benefit from ha...

1. Suitability of the local habitat (‘habitat filtering’) and dispersal between stream reaches determines the composition of insect communities, and urban land use may affect both processes. While urban streams are often poor habitats for insects and dispersal between them is often hindered, conservation and restoration activities generally focus solely on the local (in-stream) environment. 2. ...