The proliferation of 'commercial off the shelf' geographical information systems into the scientific community has resulted in the widespread use of spatial climate data in a variety of applications. This paper presents a review of the role of geographical information systems in climatology and meteorology by i) discussing methods used to derive and refine spatial climate data and ii) reviewing...

In many geographical applications there is a need to model spatial phenomena not simply by sharply bounded objects but rather through vague concepts due to indeterminate boundaries. Spatial database systems and geographical information systems are currently not able to deal with this kind of data. In order to support these applications , for an important kind of vagueness called fuzziness, we p...

The impact of resolution has been widely studied on raster data, exploring new ways to store and use raster data at different resolution levels. A similar amount of work has not yet been achieved for vector data. The aim of this paper is to propose a framework suited for vector data, enabling their use at different resolution levels. The framework has in fact a wider scope as it has been design...

Geographical data broadcasting is suitable for many large scale disseminationbased applications due to its independence of number of users, and thus it can serve as an important part of intelligent information infrastructures for modern cities. In broadcast systems, query response time is greatly affected by the order in which data items are being broadcast. However, existing broadcast ordering...

Using geographical information systems (GIS) has been of great interest lately. A lot of GIS applications are being introduced to regular and noncomputer-expert people through their everyday used machines such as cars (GPS), mobile (location systems), Internet (locating systems and direction guiders), and others. ”Google Earth,” a free online application, is one of those online geographical sys...

This article develops the concept of crisis compliance (CC)—defined as making appropriate use of IT, and non-IT methodologies to predict, prevent, and prevail over disasters. CC emerges from Lally’s Target Shield and Weapon Model, which is grounded in the theories of crisis management, normal accident theory, and high reliability organizations. CC is then applied to a case study involving Hurri...

Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) enable real time monitoring and control of smart grids by combining digital measurement devices, communication and control systems. As WAMS consist of various infrastructures, they imply complex dependencies among their underlying systems and components of different types, such as cyber, physical and geographical dependencies. Although several works exist in...