Since ancient times, men had the necessity to catch, model and store information. An important part of the information field is the one concerned with geographical and spatial matters. In general, geographic (or geospatial) information is created by manipulating geographic (or spatial) data. Nowadays, geospatial information can be stored, manipulated and queried within special informatics syste...

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a collection of applications whose tasks include (collaborating with other systems and) gathering geographic data, store and process spatio–temporal data (geo-data) and share the derived geographic knowledge with the users and other applications. Some of the most important routine applications of GIS are spatial analysis, digital elevation model (DEM) anal...

We propose to include the perspective of spatial computing in interdisciplinary courses on spatial thinking. Specifically, we recommend developing and applying a set of spatial lenses through which learners of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) get to see geographic space and choose spatial computations. These lenses are based on the core concepts of spatial information proposed by the author...

There have been several studies advocating the need for, and the feasibility of, using advanced techniques to support decision makers in urban planning and resource monitoring. One such advanced technique includes a framework that leverages the use of remote sensing and geospatial information systems (GIS) in conjunction with cellular automata (CA) to monitor land use / land change phenomena li...

Digital elevation models (DEM) are an essential component of many geographic information systems (GIS), especially in natural resources applications. Recently, a number of prototype geographic information systems based on quadtrees have been developed. Digital elevation data create special problems for quadtree systems, since neighboring grid cells seldom have identical values. In this paper, w...

BACKGROUND: Household-level geographic information systems (GIS) database are usually constructed using the geographic positioning system (GPS). In some research settings, GPS receivers may fail to capture accurate readings due to structural barriers such as tall buildings. We faced this problem when constructing a household GIS database for research sites in Karachi, Pakistan because the sites...

Maps have been major sources of information for a long time. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) use digital data, elevation models, satellite images, expert systems and related open source information for planning, detection, evaluation and decision making. Maps as well as GIS use spatial attributes of data in particular. Spatial Information derived is a feature of both data and language to c...

In an effort to contribute to the conceptualization of the burgeoning field of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), we propose to review selected definitions and debates around Geographic Information Systems (GIS). “Traditional” geographic information emerges from the interplay of the components of GIS: hardware, software, data, and application, and it is shaped by the processing of geogra...

A GIS (Geographic Information System), is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographically referenced data. In other words, GIS is the merging of statistical analysis, database technology and cartography that can be integrated into any enterprise information system framework. But despite all these advantages, geographic information system...

Geographic dynamics refers to the development of processes that shape our environment. While geographic dynamics is central to geographic understanding, the current GIS technology is incapable of capturing information that reflects the working of geographic processes, such as spread of a wildfire, development of a weather system, and propagation of a disease. Inability to represent geographic d...