We report the clinical case of a genital outbreak with both Herpes Simplex Type 1 (HSV-1) and Herpes Simplex Type 2 (HSV-2) during pregnancy. Herpes was presumptively identified by clinical presentation of lesion and Tzanck smear while serotypes were identified by cell culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This case report highlights the need for increased surveillance of both serotypes ...

An important question in the study of chlamydial genital tract disease is why some women develop severe upper tract disease while others have mild or even "silent" infections with or without pathology. Animal studies suggest that the pathological outcome of an infection is dependent upon both the composition of the infecting chlamydial population and the genotype of the host, along with host ph...

OBJECTIVE Genital neonatal herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection was observed in a series of neonates after traditional Jewish ritual circumcision. The objective of this study was to describe neonate genital HSV-1 infection after ritual circumcision and investigate the association between genital HSV-1 after circumcision and the practice of the traditional circumcision. METHODS Eight ...

It remains unclear why there is such marked variation in the severity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic between African countries. The prevalence of HIV infection has reached high levels in many parts of southern Africa but in most countries of West Africa the levels are much lower. Although there is good evidence that sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and genital ulcers i...

In this issue of the Journal, Tata and co-workers present data from a small, intensively studied group of women with genital herpes due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2, demonstrating that during a 30-day period these women experienced both symptomatic and asymptomatic genital viral shedding bilaterally and at areas innervated by dorsal root nerve ganglia on both sides of the midline [1]. T...

Chlamydia trachomatis is a major cause of sexually transmitted disease (STD) for which a vaccine is needed. CD4(+) T-helper type 1 (Th1) cell-mediated immunity is an important component of protective immunity against murine chlamydial genital infection. Conventional vaccine approaches have not proven effective in eliciting chlamydial-specific CD4 Th1 immunity at the genital mucosa. Thus, it is ...

BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a major cause of genital ulcer disease worldwide and a significant factor for increased risk of acquisition and transmission of the Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV). The determination of the level of knowledge of genital herpes is necessary for the design and implementation of its specific preventive strategies as well as the reduction of the contribu...

BACKGROUND Although condoms most likely prevent HIV infection, evidence of their effectiveness against other sexually transmitted diseases is mixed. GOAL The goal of the study was to determine whether condom use prevents genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV-related conditions. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a literature review and meta-analysis of the effect of condom use on the ...

Determining the rate at which men develop genital warts after infection with alpha genus human papillomavirus (HPV) types will provide important information for the design of prevention strategies. We conducted a cohort study of 18-21-year-old men who underwent triannual genital examinations. The 24-month cumulative genital wart incidence was 57.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38.1%-79.1%) am...

in the proportion of isolates attributable to HSV-1 occurred in each of the four age and sex subgroups (P < 0.0001) (figure). Comment Both the number and percentage of genital HSV-1 infections have risen. Genital infection with HSV-1 is strongly associated with being young (aged < 25 years) and being female. Explanations include changing host susceptibility and changing sexual behaviour of the ...