Hypospadias is a very common congenital anomaly in which the urethra opens onto ventral aspect of penis rather than at tip. It has an incidence less 1% live male births. In humans, anogenital distance (AGD) sexually dimorphic measure genital development. this study, we intended to examine association between AGD and hypospadias using homogenous group patients. The same investigator examined all...

Background: Congenital malformation (CM) is the major health problems in childhood because treatment and rehabilitation of children with CM is costly and complete recovery is usually impossible. For most of single primary defect the etiology is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine frequency of CM and its association with maternal age. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-observati...

Background: Tuberculosis of the genital tract is one of the major causes of gynecological morbidity. Genital TB affects about 12% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and represents 15-20% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Genital TB may be asymptomatic but involves genital organs such as fallopian tubes, endometrium, ovaries, cervix, vulva/ vagina and myometrium. The major presenting symptom ...

STUDY QUESTION How comprehensive is the recently published European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE)/European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE) classification system of female genital anomalies? SUMMARY ANSWER The ESHRE/ESGE classification provides a comprehensive description and categorization of almost all of the currently known anomalies that could not be clas...

background: genital tuberculosis (tb) is an important cause of infertility in the developing countries, where hysterosalpingography (hsg) remains an initial diagnostic procedure in the evaluation of tubal and peritoneal factors leading to infertility. objective: the aim of this study was to determine the hsg findings of genital tb in infertile women. materials and methods: we retrospectively re...

Genital warts are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a leading cause of anogenital malignancies and a role of HPV in the aetiology of oro-pharyngeal cancers has been demonstrated. The frequency of oral HPV infection in patients with genital warts and the association between concomitant genital, anal and oral infection is unclear. A total of 201 men and women with genital wart-like les...

Genital warts or venereal warts are the most common sexually-transmitted disease caused by the non-oncogenic human papilomavirus (HPV) [1]. Genital warts are highly contagious and sexual contact should be avoided when genital warts are present. Canadians, especially younger Canadians, perceive genital warts with a fair degree of social stigma and genital warts have a negative impact on their ps...

Penile reconstructive surgery has always been a notable challenge in the field of genitourinary reconstruction because of the fact that it attaches huge importance to the functional and aesthetic aspects of this organ and the genital region as a whole. During the last decades, many operative procedures and their modifications for the treatment of both congenital and acquired anomalies are publi...