assessing genetic biodiversity and population structure of minor populations through the information provided by neutral molecular markers, allows determination of their extinction risk and to design strategies for their management and conservation. analysis of microsatellite loci is known to be highly informative in the reconstruction of the historical processes underlying the evolution and di...

malaysian mahseer, tor douronensis, locally known as “kelah” in peninsular malaysia or semah in sarawak is one of the important mahseers used for food as well as the aquarium industry and game fishing. this species is endemic to malaysian borneo river basins. the wild stocks of t. douronensis have declined substantially in recent years, due to over exploitation, pollution and illegal fishing pr...

We studied human population structure using genotypes at 377 autosomal microsatellite loci in 1056 individuals from 52 populations. Within-population differences among individuals account for 93 to 95% of genetic variation; differences among major groups constitute only 3 to 5%. Nevertheless, without using prior information about the origins of individuals, we identified six main genetic cluste...

In the 25 years since the first reported cases of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), more than 70 million people have been infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV is a retrovirus that is spread from mother to child, through blood contamination and through sex. Antiretroviral drugs administered to HIV infected pregnant women and the newborn child, together with exclusiv...

Although in the broadly defined genetic algebra, multiplication suggests a forward direction of from parents to progeny, when looking from the reverse direction, it also suggests to us a new algebraic structure-coalge- braic structure, which we call genetic coalgebras. It is not the dual coalgebraic structure and can be used in the construction of phylogenetic trees. Math- ematically, to constr...

Little is known about the history and population structure of our closest living relatives, the chimpanzees, in part because of an extremely poor fossil record. To address this, we report the largest genetic study of the chimpanzees to date, examining 310 microsatellites in 84 common chimpanzees and bonobos. We infer three common chimpanzee populations, which correspond to the previously define...