The title chosen for our discussion is "Contributions of genetics to the theory of evolution," and that these contributions are of two kinds, somewhat sharply contrasted, is well illustrated by comparing HALDANE'S subject, "Can evolution be explained in terms of present known genetical causes ?" with the heading under which I chose to speak, "The evolutionary modification of genetic phenomena."...

Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are important members of the gastrointestinal microflora of man and animals. There is a substantial and growing body of evidence that these microbes provide benefits to the host in which they reside. Understanding the roles of these two groups of bacteria in the intestine continues to be a significant challenge. To this end, genetic characterisation and manipulat...

Homologous recombination is essential for maintaining genomic integrity. A common repair mechanism, it uses a homologous or homeologous donor as a template for repair of a damaged target gene. Such repair must be regulated, both to identify appropriate donors for repair, and to avoid excess or inappropriate recombination. We show that modifications of donor chromatin structure can promote homol...

The potential for effective immune therapy for cancer has been met with considerable enthusiasm because of a number of fundamental advances in our understanding of the immune responses to cancer. First, previous questions about the existence of tumor antigens have largely been answered, since tumorassociated and tumor-specific antigens clearly exist and, when they are recognized by antigen-spec...

Although there is widespread opposition to reproductive cloning, some have argued that its use by infertile couples to have genetically related children would be ethically justifiable. Others have suggested that lesbian or gay couples might wish to use cloning to have genetically related children. Most of the main objections to human reproductive cloning are based on the child's lack of unique ...

Over the past two decades numerous reports have demonstrated that the genetic modification of poultry genomes has great potential for improving poultry production; moreover, it may be used as a powerful tool for the production of industrial proteins. To date, transgenic techniques have been established for generating transgenic birds that express recombinant human proteins in hen eggs, as well ...

A versatile non-genetic cell-surface modification method, in which a self-assembling small molecule is combined with Halo-tag proteins, permitted the sell functionalization.

This paper develops a model of differentiated consumers to examine the consumption effects of genetic modification (GM) under alternative labeling regimes and segregation enforcement scenarios. Analytical results show that if consumers perceive GM products as being different than their traditional counterparts, genetic modification affects consumer welfare and, thus, consumption decisions. When...