In this paper, we discuss how the focus in document analysis, generally speaking, and in graphics recognition more specifically, has moved from re-engineering problems to indexing and information retrieval. After a review of ongoing work on these topics, we propose some challenges for the years to come.

In Fourier analysis, since Fourier coefficients are computable and applicable, people have established many nice results by assuming monotonicity of the coefficients. Generally speaking, it became an important topic how to generalize monotonicity. In many studies the generalization follows by this way (see, for example, [8] for definitions): (coefficients) nonincreasing ⇒ quasimonotone ⇒ regula...

The (critical) development of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) in the last two decades raised new hopes for disabled patients. In healthy persons, BCIs offer promising scopes for application in the field of entertainment or video gaming. Those commercial potential perspectives for applications in the digital industry explain a renewed interest in a subject until now highly confidential. General...

one of the major sources of psychology in the field of teaching english as foreign language in iranian universities is a book named the psychology of the language learner: individual differences in second language acquisition written by zoltan dornyei. the book was first published in 2005 and was later revised in 2015 and published by routledge. this study thus aims to analyze this book critica...

this article answers an old controversial question which asks whether poetry is better or prose. this question has been raised since such subjects as grammar, oratory, rhetoric, etc. appeared. no definite resolution has yet been reached. generally speaking authors, critics, and thinkers have divided among themselves into two groups. the first group defends verse or poetry. the second group defe...

research on multiword clusters (chunks) is based on the assumption that native speakers use plenty of chunks in their everyday language and they are considered as fluent speakers of language. therefore the present study was an attempt to investigate the impact of using chunks on speaking fluency of iranian efl learners. in the first phase of the study, the students of two intermediate classes s...

Persatuan Pemuda Mangindara is a youth organization that has the obligation of helping to create welfare villagers. The problem found members are generally still clumsy and do not have sufficient knowledge skills in terms public speaking. For this reason, speaking training needed helps increase self-confidence provides basic techniques. This carried out several stages, starting from preparation...

Foreign language enjoyment and speaking anxiety in the classroom are two potential emotion-inducing factors for foreign language learning. This sequential mixed methods study investigated whether and to what extent Iranian EFL students experienced foreign language enjoyment and public speaking anxiety in their English classrooms, and how they characterize the sources of the enjoyment and speaki...

Split quaternions are noncommutative and contain nontrivial zero divisors. Generally speaking, it is difficult to solve equations in such an algebra. In this paper, by using the roots of any split two real nonlinear systems, we derive explicit formulas for computing x2+bx+c=0 quaternion