The lateral amygdala (LA) acquires differential coding of predictive and non-predictive fear stimuli that is critical for proper fear memory assignment. The neurotransmitter dopamine is an important modulator of LA activity and facilitates fear memory formation, but whether dopamine neurons aid in the establishment of discriminative fear coding by the LA is unknown. NMDA-type glutamate receptor...

We monitored brain activation after chronic stroke by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a novel MR-compatible, hand-induced, robotic device (MR_CHIROD). We evaluated 60 fMRI datasets on a 3 T MR system from five right-handed patients with left-sided stroke >/=6 months prior and mild to moderate hemiparesis. Patients trained the paretic right hand at approximately 75% o...

An isothermal small-strain model based on the concept of generalized standard solids is devised, combining Maxwell-type rheology, damage, and perfect plasticity in the bulk. An interface analogue of the model is formulated at the lithospheric faults, exploiting concepts of adhesive contacts with interfacial plasticity. The model covers simultaneously features as rupturing of the fault zone acco...

In this paper, a novel model for elasto-plastic continua is presented and developed from the ground up. It is based on the interdependence between plasticity, dislocation motion and strain incompatibility. A generalized form of the equilibrium equations is provided, with as additional variables the strain incompatibility and an internal thermodynamic variable called compatibility modulus, that ...

The study of congenitally deaf adult humans provides an opportunity to examine neuroanatomical plasticity resulting from altered sensory experience. However, attributing the source of the brain's structural variance in the deaf is complicated by the fact that deaf individuals also differ in their language experiences (e.g., sign vs spoken), which likely influence brain anatomy independently. Al...

expansive behavior is usually observed in soils, which contain fractions of clay minerals in their composition. water absorption of clay particles and change of natural water content of soil up to plastic limit and down to shrinkage limit will cause significant volume change in expansive soils and will result in severe damages to the structures, buildings and foundations. swelling potential is ...

We consider rate-independent models of static and quasistatic plasticity with hardening. These models are usually stated in terms of variational inequalities of the first or second kind, for the primal and dual formulations, respectively. In the static case, the dual variational inequality can be interpreted as the necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for an underlying optimization pr...

in this paper, we introduce and study the notion of precompacttopological generalized groups and some new results are given.

given a mapping $f:xto x$ we naturally associate to it a monotonic map $gg_f:exp xto exp x$ from the power set of $x$ into itself, thus inducing a generalized topology on $x$. in this paper we investigate some properties of generalized topologies which are defined by such a procedure.

Syntaxin, a protein required for the docking of synaptic vesicles, may be involved in the manifestation of synaptic plasticity. The possible involvement of syntaxin in epileptogenesis was investigated by assessing the expression levels of syntaxin1B/GR33 mRNA by in situ hybridization at different stages of hippocampal kindling epileptogenesis and after the induction of generalized seizures. Den...