Lambda-lifting a functional program transforms it into a set of recursive equations. We present the symmetric transformation: lambda-dropping. Lambda-dropping a set of recur-sive equations restores block structure and lexical scope. For lack of scope, recursive equations must carry around all the parameters that any of their callees might possibly need. Both lambda-lifting and lambda-dropping t...

the number of students who can not complete school programs is a serious problem facing many educational systems in all educational levels . drop oui and repetition are one of the most common matters that many educators and researchers interest to study it. there are many reasons on the retention and non-completion patterns, but it can find rarely a philosophical viewpoint on the problem. the a...

Recently, several new packet dropping mechanisms have been proposed for the Internet routers to achieve fair bandwidth allocation among the adaptive TCP applications and the emerging constant bit rate (CBR) multimedia applications which do not adapt their traffic rates. However, these mechanisms lead to waste of router bandwidth which in turn reduces throughput of contending TCP applications, w...

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) in microemulsion with acidic catalyst. The structure and properties of microemulsion were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Photo Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS). The effect of the variation in pH value, amoun...

Mammalian herbivores may incidentally ingest plant-dwelling insects while foraging. Adult pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) avoid this danger by dropping off their host plant after sensing the herbivore's warm and humid breath and the vibrations it causes while feeding. Aphid nymphs may also drop (to escape insect enemies), but because of their slow movement, have a lower chance of finding a new...

The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum : Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a phloem-feeding insect whose antipredator defenses include kicking, walking away, and dropping from the plant. Aphid dropping, a risky and energetically costly antipredator behavior, can be increased by the release of aphid alarm pheromone; there is also evidence that insect density and plant health can affect the likelihood ...