The role of sex stereotypes and gender roles in the sex differences observed in sport and exercise has been extensively investigated in sport psychology, past studies showing that stereotypes are internalized into the self during the socialization process. Although this research has provided clear evidence of the psychosocial roots of sex differences in athletics, focusing exclusively on an int...

In social psychology, cognitive consistency is a powerful principle for organizing psychological concepts. There have been few tests of cognitive consistency in children and no research about cognitive consistency in children from Asian cultures, who pose an interesting developmental case. A sample of 172 Singaporean elementary school children completed implicit and explicit measures of math-ge...

stereotype is misunderstandings about people with personality, behavior, attitudes, competencies, and in connection with any group (gender, race, class, status, location) includes any type of cognitive stereotypes toward people and other groups, but misconceptions and inaccurate information contained on them. in other words, people may even have some limited information or ambiguous, in the pro...

Teacher-child interactions and peer exchanges were observed once a week for 10 months in four kindergartens in Hong Kong, China. A total of 206 anecdotes/scenes considered representative of the gender-related experiences of 109 4-year-old Chinese children in these kindergartens were analyzed. Descriptive codes, generated iteratively were clustered, categorized, integrated, recoded and recategor...

The advertising industry has historically legitimatized differences between the sexes by portraying gender norms in both idealized and stereotypical ways. With the media providing insight into acceptable social norms, and with greater visibility of diverse forms of gender expression emerging today, the study sought to explore whether the mass media is welcoming of contemporary understandings of...

Three experiments explore how American (N = 102) and Egyptian (N = 73) preschoolers’ inferences about expertise are affected by an expert’s gender and occupation. Children viewed a nurse and a car mechanic in a gender stereotypical (female nurse, male mechanic) or counterstereotypical (female mechanic, male nurse) presentation and indicated who would know more about profession-related informati...

Despite legislative attempts to eliminate gender stereotyping from society, the propensity to evaluate people on the basis of their sex remains a pernicious social problem. Noting the critical interplay between cultural and cognitive factors in the establishment of stereotypical beliefs, the current investigation explored the extent to which culturally transmitted colour-gender associations (i....