A new method for online measurement of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in anerobic digesters has been developed based on headspace gas chromatography (HSGC). The method applies ex situ VFA stripping with variable headspace volume and gas analysis by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). In each extraction, digester sample was acidified with H(3)PO(4) and NaHSO(4), then heated to st...

Until recently, biological treatment of odors in biofilters or biotrickling filters was thought to require a longer gas contact time than chemical scrubbing, hence bioreactors for air treatment required a larger footprint. This paper discusses the conversion of chemical scrubbers to biological trickling filters. Initially, research was conducted with a laboratory-scale biotrickling filter. An e...

PURPOSE To compare the safety and efficacy of orthokeratology as a nonsurgical treatment for myopia in children with alternate methods, such as soft contact lenses, rigid gas permeable lenses, and spectacles, throughout multiple studies. DESIGN Perspective with literature review. METHODS Analysis of recent studies to determine the safety and effectiveness of orthokeratology versus soft cont...

The products of aqueous chlorination reactions of 1-methylnaphthalene, fluorene, dibenzofuran, anthracene, phenanthrene, 1-methylphenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene have been determined. The conditions employed for these reactions approximated those that might be encountered in water treatment facilities. Reactions at pH greater than 6 tended to produce oxygenated products (epoxides, phenols...

Fast development of the coalbed natural gas (CBNG) industry in many parts of the western U.S. has resulted in the co-production of potentially salinesodic waters, hereafter referred to as CBNG water. Management of CBNG water is a major environmental challenge because of its quantity and quality. In this study, the potential utilization of calcium (Ca)-rich natural zeolites were examined for rem...

Two-phase partitioning bioreactors (TPPBs) consist of a cell-containing aqueous phase and an immiscible organic phase that sequesters and delivers toxic substrates to cells based on equilibrium partitioning. The immiscible organic phase, which acts as a buffer for inhibitory substrate loadings, makes it possible for TPPBs to handle high volatile organic compound (VOC) loadings, and in this stud...

The removal efficiency of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in constructed wetlands (CWs) is very inconsistent and frequently does not reveal whether the removal processes are due to physical attenuation or whether the different species have been transformed to other reactive forms. Previous research on nutrient removal in CWs did not consider the dynamics of pollution swapping (the increase of one p...

We established a method of gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) using N-methyl-N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) as derivatisation reagent and DL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid (DPA) as internal standard for the determination of lysinoalanine (LAL) in Chinese preserved egg. The derivatisation reaction was under the optimized condition of 75 °C and 30min. Me...

Hydrogen gas is a bioactive molecule that has a diversity of effects, including anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties; these overlap with the process of neuroprogression in major psychiatric disorders. Specifically, both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are associated with increased oxidative and inflammatory stress. Moreover, lithium which is commonly administered f...