One way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector is to replace fossil fuels by biofuels. However, production of biofuels also generates greenhouse gas emissions. Energy and greenhouse gas balances of transportation biofuels suitable for large-scale production in Finland have been assessed in this paper. In addition, the use of raw materials in electricity and/or heat pr...

In 2013, the United States used more than 25% of its energy supply for the purpose of moving people and goods from one place to another, i.e., in the transportation sector. 1 Even modest improvements that reduce transportation energy consumption can reduce energy imports and greenhouse gas emissions, two of ARPA-E’s primary goals. To date, technologies directed at transportation have focused pr...

Reliable operation of complicated interdependent infrastructures, (including transportation, electric power, oil, gas, telecommunications and emergency services) is vital to developed economies. This paper develops a method to estimate the “time to recover” from a disruption in such interdependent infrastructures. It also develops a mathematical model and solution procedure to optimize investme...

For the successful commercialization of PEM fuel cells for portable power and transportation applications, there is a strong need to lower the amount of water-gas shift catalyst used within fuel processor for H2 production/purification. While most recent studies have improved the current understanding of water-gas shift catalysis, especially regarding structural-property relationships and catal...

Hydrogen gas is thought to be the ideal fuel for a world in which air pollution has been alleviated, global warming has been arrested, and the environment has been protected in an economically sustainable manner. Hydrogen and electricity could team to provide attractive options in transportation and power generation. Interconversion between these two forms of energy suggests on-site utilization...

Gas-bubble lesions were described in cetaceans stranded in spatio-temporal concordance with naval exercises using high-powered sonars. A behaviourally induced decompression sickness-like disease was proposed as a plausible causal mechanism, although these findings remain scientifically controversial. Investigations into the constituents of the gas bubbles in suspected gas embolism cases are hig...

Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center Animal agriculture contributes about three percent of all anthropogenic (humancaused) greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S. (EPA, 2011). Although this is small relative to other economic sectors such as transportation and energy, animal agriculture is also being called upon to defend its environmental impact and continually demonstrate its comm...

This paper studies the integration of geological sequestration and microalgae biofixation options for greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement using a supply chain optimisation approach. We propose a multi-scale multi-period mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model, which accounts for CO2 transportation pipeline network design, algae processing route and product selection, as well as the seasona...

This study presents a novel approach to the vehicle routing problem by focusing on greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption aiming to mitigate adverse environmental effects of transportation. A time-dependent model with time windows is developed to incorporate speed and schedule in transportation. The model considers speed limits for different times of the day in a realistic delivery conte...