Repeaters are widely used to combat the quadratic delay of long on-chip wires. A conventional repeater is a CMOS inverter placed periodically along the long wire. This design has two drawbacks. The wire must have an even number of repeaters to preserve signal polarity. This forces the designer to sometimes use a suboptimal number of repeaters. It is also awkward when a wire branches because rep...

Noise is an audible acoustic energy that adversely affects the health, physiological and psychological well being of the individuals or populations. One of the major pollutants from gas flaring is the noise emanating from gas flaring stations in the Niger – Delta area of Nigeria. Noise dispersion produces many adverse effects on man and animals. Experimental analysis of noise dispersion and wea...

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is an important urban gas source in China. Before supplied to customers by pipeline supply systems, LPG is stored in tanks in LPG vaporization stations. Designers usually decide the number and the size of storage tanks by their experience during constructions of vaporization stations. These decisions are usually not best and most economical. To solve the problem, a...

Owing to environmentally-destructive impact of aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, benzene ethyl, toluene, and xylenes or BTEXs, these materials are classified as hazardous pollutants in the air. This study studies cancer and non-cancer risk in District 12 of Tehran Municipality, through these components for two groups of employees or storekeepers and gas station customers. By measuring pol...

Owing to environmentally-destructive impact of aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, benzene ethyl, toluene, and xylenes or BTEXs, these materials are classified as hazardous pollutants in the air. This study studies cancer and non-cancer risk in District 12 of Tehran Municipality, through these components for two groups of employees or storekeepers and gas station customers. By measuring pol...

Natural gas processing plants and their associated compressor booster stations emit an estimated 36 billion cubic feet (Bcf) of methane annually. More than 24 Bcf of total methane losses from gas plants are fugitive emissions from leaking compressors and other equipment components such as valves, connectors, seals, and openended lines. Implementing a directed inspection and maintenance (DI&M) p...

In August 2007, several horses showed pyrexia and respiratory signs while in post-arrival quarantine in Australia. Subsequent investigations diagnosed equine influenza by serology and PCR in two quarantine stations. A common origin in a shipment of horses from Japan was indicated.

one of the most important methods of transporting natural gas in iran and other parts of the world is the utilization of a network of pipelines. compression station and turbo compressor units play an important role in gas supply through pipelines. one of the primary concerns in these units is the reduction of fuel consumption. by cooling of exhaust gas from the source station, the pressure drop...

This paper addresses two issues empirically that have been somewhat neglected in the marketing literature. The first one is whether or not basic marketing relationships at the establishment level are robust or stable to the realization of major events that change the market environment. The second one is whether after these events take place the marketing relationships for new establishments ar...

In this paper, an Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm (ACO) is proposed for operations of steady flow gas pipeline. The system is composed of compressing stations linked by pipe legs. The decisions variables are chosen to be the operating turbo compressor number and the discharge pressure for each compressing station. The objective function is the power consumed in the system by these stations. U...