Adsorbed molecules are involved in many reactions on solid surface that are of great technological importance. As such, there has been tremendous effort worldwide to learn how to predict reaction rates and equilibrium constants for reactions involving adsorbed molecules. Theoretical calculation of both the rate and equilibrium constants for such reactions requires knowing the entropy and enthal...

The understanding of solid-gas interactions has been greatly advanced over the past decade on account of the availability of high-resolution transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) equipped with differentially pumped environmental cells. The operational pressures in these differentially pumped environmental TEM (DP-ETEM) instruments are generally limited up to 20 mbar. Yet, many industrial cat...

In the present study, the operating conditions of an anode-supported high temperature direct internal reforming (DIR) planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) are numerically analyzed. SOFCs are the energy conversion devices that produce electricity and heat directly from a gaseous fuel by the electrochemical combination of that fuel with an oxidant. A planar SOFC consists of an interconnect structu...

ni6(n2h4)6(so4)4(oh)2(h2o)8](so4)(h2o)10 complex was prepared according to literature report. the reaction between aforementioned complex via sodium alkoxides as a reactants, were carried out in the solid state. the [ni6(n2h4)6(so4)4(oh)2(h2o)8](so4)(h2o)10 undergoes an intramolecular two electrons oxidation-reduction reaction at room temperature and metallic nickel nanoparticles (ni1-ni5) was ...

ni6(n2h4)6(so4)4(oh)2(h2o)8](so4)(h2o)10 complex was prepared according to literature report. the reaction between aforementioned complex via sodium alkoxides as a reactants, were carried out in the solid state. the [ni6(n2h4)6(so4)4(oh)2(h2o)8](so4)(h2o)10 undergoes an intramolecular two electrons oxidation-reduction reaction at room temperature and metallic nickel nanoparticles (ni1-ni5) was ...

le chatelier's principle is used as a very simple way to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium. . however, several studies have reported the violation of this principle, still there is no reported simple mathematical equation to express the exact condition of violation in the gas phase reactions. in this article, we derived a simple equation for the violati...