A key aspect of sustainable development in a country is how energy, environment and economic sectors interact. Greenhouse gas emissions and their impacts are among important environmental issues that have been in focus. The increase in the concentration of these gases in atmosphere to levels above the natural level results in global warming, depletion of the Earth’s protective layer against har...

ABSTRACT Deep long–slit spectroscopic data are presented for a sample of 14 3CR radio galaxies at redshift z ∼ 1, previously studied in detail using the Hubble Space Telescope, the Very Large Array, and UKIRT. Analysis of the [OII] 3727 emission line structures at ∼ 5Å spectral resolution is carried out to derive the kinematic properties of the emission line gas. In line with previous, lower re...

The results of deep long-slit optical spectroscopy for a sample of eight 6C radio galaxies at redshift z ∼ 1 are presented. Emission line ratios are derived for many emission lines with rest–frame wavelengths of 1500 − 4500Å and the kinematic properties of the emission line gas are derived from an analysis of the two dimensional structure of the [OII]3727Å emission line at ≈ 5Å spectral resolut...

Greenhouse gas emission trading programs have been initiated in the European Union, Canada and the United States in an effort to harness market forces to efficiently reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Three major methods for reducing or offsetting greenhouse gas emissions are purchasing greenhouse gas emission reduction credits, purchasing renewable energy certificates, and improving energy effic...

We present high angular resolution images of the H2 1-0 S(1) line emission obtained with the Son of ISAAC (SOFI) at the New Technology Telescope (NTT) of the Horsehead nebula. These observations are analysed in combination with Hα line emission, aromatic dust, CO and dust continuum emissions. The Horsehead nebula illuminated by the O9.5V star σ Ori (χ ∼ 60) presents a typical photodissociation ...

Solar wind interaction with neutral gas has been shown to generate soft X-rays, through the charge-exchange of highly ionized ions with neutral atoms and molecules in the interplanetary space and in the geocorona. The resulting diffuse emission can explain the non-cosmic long term enhancements (LTE) of ROSAT soft X-ray observations, which are produced by strong solar wind flux increases. This p...

Strong evidence for cooling flows has been found in low-resolution X-ray imaging and spectra of many clusters of galaxies. However, high-resolution X-ray spectra of several clusters from the Reflection Grating Spectrometer on XMM-Newton now show a soft X-ray spectrum inconsistent with a simple cooling flow. The main problem is a lack of the emission lines expected from gas cooling below 1–2 keV...

Methane emissions from natural gas delivery and end use must be quantified to evaluate the environmental impacts of natural gas and to develop and assess the efficacy of emission reduction strategies. We report natural gas emission rates for 1 y in the urban region of Boston, using a comprehensive atmospheric measurement and modeling framework. Continuous methane observations from four stations...

A considerable contribution to the worlds total GHG emission originates from gas flaring: According to a World Bank estimation an amount of around 150 billion cubic meters of natural gas is flared around the world annually, contaminating the environment with 400 million tons of CO2. This is equivalent to around 25 % of the United States’ gas consumption, or 30 % of gas consumption in the Europe...