The transient evoked responses of auditory cortex, reticular formation, hippocampus and cerebellar cortex to auditory stimulation have been analysed in the gamma frequency band on cats with chronically implanted electrodes. We found gamma band transient responses consisting of wave packets with 3-4 oscillations in all of the studied brain structures in the first 100 ms of the poststimulus perio...

Neuronal gamma-band synchronization is central for cognition. Respective studies in human subjects focused on a visually induced transient enhancement of broadband EEG power. In this issue of Neuron, Yuval-Greenberg et al. demonstrate that this EEG response is an artifact of microsaccades, raising the question of whether gamma-band synchronization can be assessed with EEG.

BACKGROUND Schizophrenia has long been suggested to represent a disorder with prominent neural dysconnectivity. Gamma-band oscillations are highly relevant in this context, due both to their proposed involvement in neuronal synchronization and to their association with neurotransmitter systems relevant for schizophrenia. Several task-related studies have confirmed reduced power and synchronizat...

Gamma-band oscillations are a ubiquitous phenomenon in the nervous system and have been implicated in multiple aspects of cognition. In particular, the strength of gamma oscillations at the time a stimulus is encoded predicts its subsequent retrieval, suggesting that gamma may reflect enhanced mnemonic processing. Likewise, activity in the gamma-band can modulate plasticity in vitro. However, i...

SUMMARY Recently, several studies have demonstrated that visual stimulus routing is subserved by inter-areal gamma-band synchronization, whereas top-down influences are mediated by alpha-beta band synchronization. These processes might implement top-down control, if top-down and bottom-up mediating rhythms are coupled through cross-frequency interaction. To test this possibility, we investigate...

Recent findings in the visual system of nonhuman primates have demonstrated an important role of gamma-band activity (40-100 Hz) in the feedforward flow of sensory information, whereas feedback control appears to be established dynamically by oscillations in the alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta (13-18 Hz) bands (van Kerkoerle et al., 2014; Bastos et al., 2015). It is not clear, however, how alpha oscil...

Although previous studies have established that successful memory encoding is associated with increased synchronization of theta-band and gamma-band oscillations, it is unclear if there is a functional relationship between oscillations in these frequency bands. Using scalp-recorded EEG in healthy human participants, we demonstrate that cross-frequency coupling between frontal theta phase and po...

Prompt gamma-ray burst spectra evolve on short time scales, suggesting that time-resolved spectral fits may help diagnose the still unknown prompt emission mechanism. We use broad-band gamma-ray data from the RHESSI spacecraft to test quasi-thermal models with high signal-to-noise time-resolved spectra of nine bright gamma-ray bursts. In contrast to results reported in more narrow energy bands,...

The interaction of the cationic carbocyanine dye Stains-all (1-ethyl-2-[3-(1-ethyl-naphthol[1,2-d]thiazolin-2-ylidene)-2- methylpropenyl]naphthol[1,2-d]thiazolium bromide) with the eye lens proteins crystallins has been studied. alpha- and gamma-crystallins do not bind the dye, while beta- and delta-crystallins do, consistent with the fact that the latter two proteins bind the calcium ion. beta...

I propose that synchronization affects communication between neuronal groups. Gamma-band (30-90 Hz) synchronization modulates excitation rapidly enough that it escapes the following inhibition and activates postsynaptic neurons effectively. Synchronization also ensures that a presynaptic activation pattern arrives at postsynaptic neurons in a temporally coordinated manner. At a postsynaptic neu...