The field of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) biology has been galvanized by the discovery of innate APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases, which pose powerful barriers to the replication of HIV and other retroviruses. Rapid progress has been made in defining their action, intriguing regulation within cells, expanded range of retroviral targets, and counterstrikes utilized by retroviruses against them....

Typically, Sn cannot be finished on Ni and Ag surfaces via the immersion process. In this work, through galvanic reaction, finish was processed an coexisting with a surface. Herein, detailed mechanism of reduction Sn2+ ions surface reaction is reported. Through transmission electron microscopy X-ray diffraction analysis, uncommon Ag4Sn phase, instead common Ag3Sn confirmed to form during layer....

AIMS To evaluate the decontamination of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus subtilis, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores on indoor surface materials using formaldehyde gas. METHODS AND RESULTS B. anthracis, B. subtilis, and G. stearothermophilus spores were dried on seven types of indoor surfaces and exposed to approx. 1100 ppm formaldehyde gas for 10 h. Formaldehyde exposure significantly de...

The long-term accumulation of Zn in soils provides the microbial community time to adapt to this heavy metal. To assess the effects of long-term exposure to Zn on the metabolic diversity and tolerance to Zn of soil microbial community, the pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT) method, based on the Biolog microtitre plate system, was used. It especially is useful to study gradients of pol...

The unprecedented growth in construction activities have led to speedy consumption of global natural resources like river sand, blue metal, water, and some raw materials like limestone (for producing cement). This study explores the possibility of using Steel-Mesh Reinforced Cementitious Composites (SMRCC) as an alternative to conventional concrete, aiming at sustainability. In order to underst...

In 2000 – 2003, the author made publicly available a collection of more than 1,100 Boolean formulas generated in formal verification of complex pipelined, superscalar, and VLIW microprocessors. These formulas galvanized the Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) community, and were used for the development of all recent academic and industrial SAT solvers. The paper evaluates the efficiency of various te...

Roll forming process is used for manufacturing sheet metal parts by successive bending and creating the final shape with gradual deformation. In this article, deformation of a pre-punched sheet due to the roll forming process was studied. Two main defects in the roll forming process are ovality of holes and bow defect. The ovality of the hole is influenced by the process parameters including sh...