The antler is the most rapidly growing tissue in the animal kingdom. According to previous reports, antler glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) consist of all kinds GAGs except for heparan sulfate (HS). Chondroitin sulfate is the major antler GAG component comprising 88% of the total uronic acid content. In the current study, we have isolated HS from antler for the first time and characterized it based on...

An extracellular coating was discovered by Bennet in 1963 on the luminal surface of endothelia and termed “glycocalyx”. Apparent thickness of the glycocalyx is ~ 0,5 μm. The glycocalyx consists of: proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins (some containing sialic acid residues). The amount of glycocalyx sulfate proteoglycan (SPG)-molecules vary between...

The proteoglycan decorin and its associated glycosaminoglycan (GAG), dermatan sulfate (DS), regulate collagen fibril formation, control fibril diameter, and have been suggested to contribute to the mechanical stability and material properties of connective tissues. The spatial distribution and orientation of DS within the tissue are relevant to these mechanical roles, but measurements of length...

It appears that hyaluronate is associated with cell migration and the chondroitin sulphates with differentiation during morphogenesis of the chick embryo. The aim of this study was to see if such a correlation could be made for chondrocranium morphogenesis. Specifically, the purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of extracellular matrix (ECM) to cell area and total head mesenchym...

the multiple etiologic factors involved in acne make the use of various medications necessary to treat the condition. this study aimed to determine the efficacy of mupirocin and rifampin used with standard treatment in the management of acne vulgaris. in a multicentre, randomized controlled, triple-blinded study, a total of 105 acne patients, with a clinical diagnosis of moderate to severe acne...

The presence of collagen and charged macromolecules like glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the interstitial space limits the space available for plasma proteins and other macromolecules. This phenomenon, known as interstitial exclusion, is of importance for interstitial fluid volume regulation. Physical/mathematical models are presented for calculating the exclusion of electrically charged and neutr...

In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on Zika Virus (ZIKV), because of its association with severe fetal anomalies of congenitally infected humans. This has led to urgent efforts by academic, federal, and industry research groups to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of ZIKV and to develop detection methods, therap...

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) comprise a special class of complex carbohydrates endowed with numerous biological functions. Most of these functions are regulated by conformational arrangements or dynamical properties of GAGs in solution. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful technique used for dynamic analyses. Spin relaxation, scalar couplings, chemical shifts and nuclear Overhauser effec...

The glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in two marine invertebrate molluscs such as Tridacna maxima and Perna viridis were analyzed. Both the species was found to contain variable amounts of GAGs in the form of heparin biomolecules as identified by metachromatic activity and agarose gel electrophoresis analysis. Anticoagulant property of the biomolecules was assessed by anti factor Xa activity. Their mol...