Let G4 be the space of all simple closed geodesics on the punctured sphere Σ4. We construct an explicit homeomorphism of the completion of G4 onto a circle by using geometric intersection numbers. Also, we relate these geometric intersection numbers to trace polynomials of transformations corresponding to geodesics in G4 in a representation of π1(Σ4) into PSL(2,C).

The effect of DPP grains, isolated flavonoids were carried out on the levels steroid hormone and Lipid profile in sera adult female rabbits.
 This animals divided into seven groups, which include. acontrol group, G1,G2,G3:groups orally treated with (12,24,36)mg/kg/day grain while groupsG4,G5,G6:orally (5,10,15) mg/kg/day DDP.
 -Testosterone significantaly increased G3,G4,G6 as compare...

G-rich regions have the potential to form G4 DNA upon replication, which can lead to genomic instability. FANCJ, a G4 DNA helicase, has been shown to be critical for the stability of regions that match the G4 signature motif by experiments analyzing its nematode homolog.

We prove that for non–linear L = L(R), G = dL/dR 6= 0 the Lagrangians L and L̂(R̂) with L̂ = 2R/G3 − 3L/G4, ĝij = G2 gij and R̂ = 3R/G2 − 4L/G3 give conformally equivalent fourth–order field equations being dual to each other. The proof represents a new application of the fact that the operator 2−R6 is conformally invariant. Gen. Rel. Grav. in print; KEY: Conformal relations in fourth–order gravity

PURPOSE For the effective internal radiation therapy of i.p. disseminated tumors, we developed avidin (Av)-dendrimer-chelate complex, which can be labeled with indium-111, emitting Auger and conversion electrons, with very high specific activity, and we studied its internalization, biodistribution, and therapeutic effect in nude mice with i.p. tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Generation 4 dendrime...

Aberrant expression of the RON receptor tyrosine kinase, a member of the MET proto-oncogene family, contributes significantly to pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Here we validate RON as a target for pancreatic cancer therapy using a novel anti-RON antibody Zt/g4-drug maytansinoid conjugates (Zt/g4-DM1) as a model for RON-targeted drug delivery to kill pancreatic cancer cells...

Structure-activity relationship studies were carried out on macrocyclic hexaoxazole (6OTD) dimers, whose core structure stabilizes telomeric G-quadruplexes (G4). Two new 6OTD dimers having side chain amine and guanidine functional groups were synthesized and evaluated for their stabilizing ability against a telomeric G4 DNA sequence. The results show that the 6OTD dimers interact with the DNA t...

Regions bearing G-quadruplex (G4) DNA motifs can be sites of genomic instability and are frequently depleted in streamlined genomes, but are nevertheless maintained in many other genomes. Whether G4 secondary structures form in vivo, and how they are maintained or eliminated, remains little known. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Lopes et al (2011) provide new evidence that G4 structures form...

Recent experiments provide fascinating examples of how G4 DNA and G4 RNA structures--aka quadruplexes--may contribute to normal biology and to genomic pathologies. Quadruplexes are transient and therefore difficult to identify directly in living cells, which initially caused skepticism regarding not only their biological relevance but even their existence. There is now compelling evidence for f...

Thioflavin T (ThT) becomes fluorescent in the presence of the G-quadruplex structure such as that formed by the human telomeric motif. In this report, we extend and generalize these observations and show that this dye may be used as a convenient and specific quadruplex probe. In the presence of most, but not all, G4-forming sequences, we observed a large increase in ThT fluorescence emission, w...