The initial stages of NaCl dissolution in liquid water have been examined with state-of-the-art ab initio molecular dynamics and free energy sampling techniques. Our simulations reveal a complex multi-step process triggered by the departure of Cl ions from the lattice, with a well-defined intermediate state wherein departing ions are partially solvated but remain in contact with the crystal. Th...

Freshwater salinization is a widespread issue, but evidence of ecological effects on aquatic communities remains scarce. We experimentally exposed salt-naive plankton north-temperate, freshwater lake to gradient chloride (Cl−) concentration (0.27–1400 mg Cl L−1) with in situ mesocosms. Following 6 weeks, we measured changes the diversity, composition, and abundance eukaryotic 18S rRNA gene. Tot...

A mononuclear complex (CO)sReL,Cl (la) (L = NHsCHMe,) and a dinuclear CO, complex (CO)sL,Re(~,nl,ql-COs)Re(CO)qL (2) are prepared from the reaction of a carbamoyl complex, (CO),ReUCONHCHMe,) with H,O in CHCl,. The coupling of a proposed intermediate (CO),LReCOOH with la is a viable process for the formation of complex 2. The structures of (CO),ReL,Cl (lb) (L =NH,CH,CH=CH,) and 2 have been estab...

De novo expression of vimentin, GFAP or peripherin leads to the assembly of an extended intermediate filament network in intermediate filament-free SW13/cl.2 cells. Desmin, in contrast, does not form extended filament networks in either SW13/cl.2 or intermediate filament-free mouse fibroblasts. Rather, desmin formed short thickened filamentous structures and prominent spot-like cytoplasmic aggr...

Cultivar BRS A706 CL is a new rice cultivar, resistant to herbicides of the chemical group imidazolinones, with yield potential 15,635 kg ha-1. It has intermediate maturation, lodging tolerance, stay green trait, moderate blast resistance, high milling and premium grain quality.

Tetrandrine (TET), a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the dried root of Hang-Fang-Chi (Stephania tetrandra S. Moore), is well known to possess activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrotic and anticancer. It is used clinically to treat hypertension and silicosis. In the present study, the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of TET were evaluated on three d...

We study quenched QCD at finite chemical potential, μI , for the third component of isospin and quenched two-colour QCD at finite chemical potential, μ, for quark number. In contrast to the quenched approximation to QCD at finite quark-number chemical potential, the quenched approximations to these theories behave similarly to the full theories. The reason is that these theories have real posit...

We thank Dr. Dib for his interest in our prospective study, in which we assessed the accuracy of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines for the prediction of choledocholithiasis (CL). The guidelines suggest the option of using a less-invasive initial test including endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in patients with int...

For two given graphs G1 and G2, the Ramseynumber R(G1,G2) is the smallest integer n such that for anygraph G of order n, either $G$ contains G1 or the complementof G contains G2. Let Tn denote a tree of order n andWm a wheel of order m+1. To the best of our knowledge, only R(Tn,Wm) with small wheels are known.In this paper, we show that R(Tn,Wm)=3n-2 for odd m with n>756m^{10}.