The aim of this article is to verify two predictions resulting from the mental models theory of conditional reasoning. First, the denial of antecedent (DA) and modus tollens (MT) inferences should take longer to verify than modus ponens (MP) and af®rmation of consequent (AC) because the former require subjects to ̄esh out the initial model whereas the latter do not. This prediction was con®rmed...

We address an argument by Floridi (2009, 2011), to the effect that digital and analogue are not features of reality, only of modes of presentation of reality. One can therefore have an informational ontology, like Floridi’s Informational Structural Realism, without commitment to a supposedly digital or analogue world. After introducing the topic in Section 1, in Section 2 we explain what the pr...

In this work we consider a very general principle for fuzzy rule interpolation methods based on an interpretation of the generalized modus ponens rule in terms of closeness relations. Then we present two particular instances of the general principle when the closeness relations are defined from parametric families of similarity fuzzy relations on the input and output spaces. The case of multipl...

In order to analyze the logical foundation of fuzzy reasoning, this paper first introduces the concept of generalized roots of theories in Łukasiewicz propositional fuzzy logic Łuk, Gödel propositional fuzzy logic Göd, Product propositional fuzzy logic P, and nilpotent minimum logic NM (the R0-propositional fuzzy logic L ). Next, it is proved that all consequences of a theory C, named D(C), are...

Initially, the idea of approximate reasoning using generalized modus ponens and a fuzzy implication is recalled. Next, a fuzzy system based on logical interpretation of if–then rules and with parametric conclusions is presented. Then, it is shown that global and local -insensitive learning of the above fuzzy system may be presented as the learning of a support vector regression machine with a s...

The main aim of this study was to examine whether people understand indicative conditionals on the basis of syntactic factors or on the basis of subjective conditional probability. The second aim was to investigate whether the conditional probability of q given p depends on the antecedent and consequent sizes or derives from inductive processes leading to establish a link of plausible cooccurre...

Fuzzy Decision Tree is becoming increasingly significant as it is applied to areas of different platforms in real life. This paper gives an overview of the applications of fuzzy decision tree in heterogeneous fields. It is being actively used in fields as varied as intrusion detection, flexible querying (modus ponens), analysis of cognitive process (Human Computer Interaction), for user authent...

T-norm based fuzzy logics are usually considered as truth preserving, that is, taking 1 as the only truth value to be preserved in inferences. In this paper we study t-norm based fuzzy logics preserving degrees of truth, that is, preserving the lower bounds of the truth degrees of the premises. These logics are axiomatizable by using a restricted form of Modus Ponens together with the rule of A...