Homotopy type theory is a recent research area connecting type theory with homotopy theory by interpreting types as spaces. In particular, one can prove and mechanize type-theoretic analogues of homotopy-theoretic theorems, yielding “synthetic homotopy theory”. Here we consider the Seifert–van Kampen theorem, which characterizes the loop structure of spaces obtained by gluing. This is useful in...

We calculate the homotopy groups of K(S) in terms of the homotopy groups of K(Z), the homotopy groups of CP∞ −1, and the homotopy groups of S. This completes the program begun by Waldhausen, who computed the rational homotopy groups (building on work of Quillen and Borel), and continued by Rognes, who calculated the groups at regular primes in terms of the homotopy groups of CP∞ −1, and the hom...

Here, a new method called Aboodh transform homotopy perturbation method(ATHPM) is used to solve nonlinear partial dierential equations, we presenta reliable combination of homotopy perturbation method and Aboodh transformto investigate some nonlinear partial dierential equations. The nonlinearterms can be handled by the use of homotopy perturbation method. The resultsshow the eciency of this me...

What is a homotopy theory T? – Examples of homotopy theories (Tpair presentation) – The homotopy category Ho(T) – Examples of homotopy categories – Model category: (C, E) with extras – Examples of model categories (C, E) – Dividends from a model category structure on (C, E) – Equivalences between homotopy theories – T(C, E) ∼ T(C′, E ′) for model categories – Examples of equivalences between ho...

A homotopy action of a group G on a space X is a homomorphism from G to the group HAUT(X) of homotopy classes of homotopy equivalences of X. George Cooke developed an 'obstruction theory to determine if a homotopy action is equivalent up to homotopy to a topological action. The question studied in this paper is: Given a diagram of spaces with homotopy actions of G and maps between them that are...

In this paper, the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation is solved by using the Adomian’s decomposition method , modified Adomian’s decomposition method , variational iteration method , modified variational iteration method, homotopy perturbation method, modified homotopy perturbation method and homotopy analysis method. The existence and uniqueness of the solution and convergence of the proposed...

in recent years, numerous approaches have been applied for finding the solutions of functional equations. one of them is the optimal homotopy asymptotic method. in current paper, this method has been applied for obtaining the approximate solution of fisher equation. the reliability of the method will be shown by solving some examples of various kinds and comparing the obtained outcomes with the ...