PURPOSE : The purpose of this article is to compare vision therapy/orthoptics, pencil pushups, and placebo vision therapy/orthoptics as treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in adults 19 to 30 years of age. METHODS : In a randomized, multicenter clinical trial, 46 adults 19 to 30 years of age with symptomatic convergence insufficiency were randomly assigned to receive 12 weeks ...

Convergence insufficiency (CI) is a developmental visual anomaly defined clinically by a reduced near point of convergence, a reduced capacity to view through base-out prisms (fusional convergence); coupled with asthenopic symptoms typically blur and diplopia. Experimental studies show reduced vergence parameters and tonic adaptation. Based upon current models of accommodation and vergence, we ...

PURPOSE This study was designed to determine the repeatability of fusional vergence ranges measured using the rotary prisms in the phoropter and in free space using the prism bar. The level of agreement between the two methods was also investigated. METHODS In two separate sessions, negative and positive fusional vergence ranges (NFV and PFV, respectively) were measured at distance and near i...

A aniseiconia é causada pela formação de imagens tamanhos desiguais na retina. O sistema neurovisual, muitas vezes, não capaz manter a fusão para interpretação da imagem recepcionada. Alterações fóricas são induzidas falta capacidade manutenção fusional, comum presença astenopias. Muitas ocorre o abandono do meio compensatório proposto visto desconforto, desequilíbrio e percepção em tridimensio...

It is obvious that a symposium of this kind on the subject of strabismus is concerned to a large extent with the growing-points of the specialty, and this is entirely appropriate when the meeting is held within the confines of St. John's College, Cambridge, a University centre of learning and academic progress for centuries, and abundantly emphasized by the link of this particular building with...