Measurements using a Pt-Rh heater strip in a high temperature X-ray diffractometer furnace show that the temperature indicated by a two-colour infra-red pyrometer directed at the upper surface of the strip is within fl “C of the temperature indicated by a Pt/Pt-lO%Rh (type S) thermocouple welded to the lower surface, over the temperature range from 600-l 100 “C. However, the temperature of a po...

Amathematical model of a direct-fired continuous strip annealing furnace is developed. The first-principle model uses the heat balance to describe the dynamic behavior of the strip and the rolls. Themass and the enthalpy balance are employed to calculate themass, the composition, and the temperature of the flue gas. The heat conduction equation of the furnace wall is discretized bymeans of the ...

Radial and longitudinal temperature gradients within cold-seal pressure vessels can contribute significantly to the total temperature unccrtainty in any one experiment and it is important to calibrate such gradients before experiments are undertaken. We have measured temperature gradients in vertically mounted large cold-seal vessels at 1 atm and 1 kbar and in the temperature range 500-800~ Rad...

This manuscript demonstrates the design, modification and initial investigation of a rotary furnace for the manufacturing of inorganic fullerene WS2 nanoparticles. Different preparation methods starting with various precursors have been investigated, of which the gas-solid reaction starting with WO3 nanoparticles was the most efficient technique. Furthermore, the influence of temperature, react...

low grade diasporic bauxite in the jajarm mine with an a/s (al2o3/sio2) ratio of 2.3 is not usable in the bayer process at jajarm alumina complex. due to the severe interlocking effect between the diaspore and aluminosilicate minerals (chamosite and kaolinite) and iron-containing minerals in a microcrystal matrix, the thermo-chemical treatment, which is independent from micro-mineralogy, was ch...

The objective of this study is to find the temperature distribution of a slab as it moves through the pusher-type preheat furnaces. First, the imaginary planes method (IPM) as a new and applicable method for calculation of radiation heat transfer in industrial furnaces is studied, and the two-dimensional form of this method is used to calculate heat flux and temperature distribution in the furn...

In our installation at AB Sandvik Materials Technology, we have shown that by using a nondestructive UWB Radar technique it is possible to visualize in real-time the ongoing process inside the furnace behind a 0.5 m thick ceramic wall. Since the operating temperature inside the furnace is 1200 C, there is today no other known method capable of visualizing the process for the operator of the fu...

High quality heating device made of ferromagnetic alloy (thermal seed) was developed for hyperthermia treatment of cancer. Ferromagnetic seeds of PdNi, PdCo and CuNi are prepared by induction furnace and subsequent heat treatment. Magnetic induction and hysteresis loops are measured as functions of temperature. The power dissipated from each seed was calculated from the area enclosed by the hys...

Tuneable diode laser absorption spectroscopy of the A-band of oxygen has been successfully used to infer simple temperature distributions in a tubular furnace at two temperature settings, measuring the peak temperature and the width of the distribution along a single line of sight. This is achieved using a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with a large enough wavelength scanning range to s...

Algoritmus controly ohrievaného masívneho materiálu In numerous technological processes a change on the output follows change on the input pending specific time. This time is called dead time and if this time is too large, it causes problems in the control. This contribution is aimed at analyzing the algorithms of discreet regulation of the systems with dead time. Verified were classical PID re...