Azole resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates has been reported worldwide and it would appear to be mainly due to a point mutation in the 14α-sterol demethylase (CYP51A) gene, which is the target enzyme for azoles. The mutation has been confirmed in isolates from patients who received long-term itraconazole (ITZ) therapy and from agricultural fields where high levels of azole fungicides we...

Abstract Resistance of grapevine against powdery mildew ( Erysiphe necator ) and downy Plasmopara viticola increases during ontogenetic development leaves berries. The aim this study was to determine whether the use fungicides both pathogens could be reduced last treatment before harvest (LTBH) by treating only susceptible vines in upper half canopy. For purpose, field trials were carried out u...

Fungicides are applied to turf to prevent the growth or penetration of disease-causing fungal organisms. Fungal organisms cause more diseases on turf than other microorganisms (Wong, 2006). Fungicides are the class of pesticides used to control fungal organisms, and they can be catego­ rized into many different groups based on their biochemical mode of action (MOA) and chemical structure. Addit...

Strobilurins are one of the most important classes of agricultural fungicide. Their invention was inspired by a group of fungicidally active natural products. The outstanding benefits they deliver are currently being utilised in a wide range of crops throughout the world. First launched in 1996, the strobilurins now include the world's biggest selling fungicide, azoxystrobin. By 2002 there will...

Additional Index Words. Cucumis sativus L., greenhouse, protected culture, beit alpha cucumber Abstract. The Beit Alpha (BA) cucumber is a new commodity for the Florida greenhouse industry. In past trials, BA cultivar production and quality were compared to traditional ‘Dutch’ or European cucumber cultivars. The cv. Sarig, a BA-type, produced three times more yield than the Dutch-type cv. Kalun...

Prior work has shown that the inheritance of resistance to metalaxyl, an oomycete-specific fungicide, is complex and may involve multiple genes. Recent research indicated that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene encoding RPA190, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase I, confers resistance to metalaxyl (or mefenoxam) in some isolates of the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora ...

Peronophythora litchii is the causal agent of litchi downy blight. Enestroburin, SYP-1620, SYP-2815 and ZJ0712 are four novel QoI fungicides developed by China. Eight mutants of P. litchii resistant to these QoI fungicides and azoxystrobin (as a known QoI fungicide) were obtained in our preliminary work. In this study, the full length of the cytochrome b gene in P. litchii, which has a full len...

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen causing a major problem in the export and post-harvest of strawberries. Inappropriate use of fungicides leads to resistance among fungal pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the sensitivity of B. cinerea to various classes of fungicide and to determine the effectiveness of different concentrations of commonly used fungicides. We thus eval...