This paper applies to the health sector a method of project analysis advocated recently by Devarajan, Squire, and Suthiwart-Narueput. A health project evaluation should establish a firm justification for public involvement; establish the counterfactual—what would happen with and without the project; and determine the fiscal effect of the project and the appropriate levels of fees in conjunction...

An adaptor signature can be viewed as a concealed with secret value and, by design, any two of the trio yield other. In multiparty setting, an initial allows each party to create additional signatures without original secret. Adaptor help address scalability and interoperability issues in blockchain. They also bring some important advantages cryptocurrencies, such low on-chain cost, improved tr...

Abstract Scenarios for deep decarbonization involve biomass biofuels, biopower, and bioproducts, they often include negative emissions via carbon capture storage or utilization. However, critical questions remain about the feasibility of rapid growth to high levels utilization, given land availability as well historical rates biofuel industry. We address these through a unique coordinated analy...

Research Summary Recent global strategy research on born digital firms (i.e., with products distributed through channels) has paid only limited attention to the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in internationalization such firms. We argue that exploiting technologies requires a range complementary, non-digital resources. Born digitals typically deploy FDI when large cultural and geograph...

In recent years, electronic retail payment mechanisms, especially e-commerce and card payments at the point of sale, have increasingly replaced cash in many developed countries. As a result, societies are losing critical public option, consumers important rights associated with using cash. To address this concern, we propose an approach to digital currency that would allow people without bankin...

OBJECTIVES This paper presents a study of the effects of the implementation of the NHS Electronic Prescription Service (EPS) on time spent on repeat prescribing in English general practice. EPS is a new network service for the electronic transmission of primary care prescriptions, principally between GP practices and community pharmacies. This service is promoted on the basis of the importance ...

The historical patterns of opiate use show that sources and methods of access greatly influence who is at risk. Today, there is evidence that an enormous increase in the availability of prescription opiates is fuelling a rise in addiction nationally, drawing in new initiates to these drugs and changing the geography of opiate overdoses. Recent efforts at supply-based reductions in prescription ...

Exploring the entire set of formal and informal payments available to health workers (HWs) is critical to understand the financial incentives they face and devise effective incentive packages to motivate them. We investigate this issue in the context of Sierra Leone by collecting quantitative data through a survey and daily logbooks on the incomes of 266 HWs in three districts, and carrying out...

The public nature of the blockchain has been shown to be a severe threat for the privacy of Bitcoin users. Even worse, since funds can be tracked and tainted, no two coins are equal, and fungibility, a fundamental property required in every currency, is at risk. With these threats in mind, several privacyenhancing technologies have been proposed to make Bitcoin more private. However, they eithe...

How should health services best be allocated between citizens in different health conditions and with different socio-economic characteristics? This note contrasts answers to this question based upon a utilitarian conception of the value of healthcare with those derivable from broader pluralist conceptions of value. It seeks to show that only the latter can do justice to our considered intuitio...