Causal understanding in reasoning about the world p. 13 How to make intelligent digital libraries p. 27 Some methodology and representation problems for the semantics of prosaic application domains p. 39 Recognizing credible experts in inaccurate databases p. 46 Fuzzy logic or Lukasiewicz logic: a clarification p. 56 Logic systems for approximate reasoning: via rough sets and topology p. 65 Sig...

With Google Earth being widely used by the general public and professionals, Virtual Globes are revolutionizing the way in which scientists conduct their research and the general public uses geospatial-related data and information. NASA Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Service Center (GES DISC) developed a service-oriented online scientific data analysis system to provide customable o...

the electrical conductivity of the earth is its physical parameter, which can be studied in global scales. the investigations of the earth's electrical conductivity are based on geomagnetic field variations. time variations of the geomagnetic field consist of long-term and short-term (transient) variations. external sources induce electric currents into the earth. the induced electric curr...

eart pressure problems are encountered in retaining walls, bulkheads, sheeting and bracing in cuts,culverts, tunnels, and cofferdams. in many cases, the lateral pressure is determined by use of classical earth pressure theories, such as coulomb's, where the equilibrium conditions of a failure wedge of soil is considered. excessive dynamic lateral earth pressure on retaining structures resu...

Because of their unique physical and chemical properties, Rare earth elements (REEs) perform important functions in our everyday lives, with use in a range of products. Recently, the study of China’s rare earth elements production has become a hot topic of worldwide interest, because of its dominant position in global rare earth elements supply, and an increasing demand for rare earth elements ...

We show how by studying the Earth matter effect on oscillations of solar and supernova neutrinos inside the Earth one can in principle reconstruct the electron number density profile of the Earth. A direct inversion of the oscillation problem is possible due to the existence of a very simple analytic formula for the Earth matter effect on oscillations of solar and supernova neutrinos. From the ...

one of the crimes mentioned in the islamic jurisprudence and iranian statute laws as a crime against public security and security of the roads as well as terrifying the public is the crime of in fringement of public security and corruption on the earth. the present paper is an attempt to offer a comprehensive definition of “waging a war and corruption on the earth” from the jurisprudential and ...

Digital Earth is a visionary concept and outlines a charming prospect for the public. This paper starts from the concept and technologies of Digital Earth and analyzes the architecture of geo-spatial information services of Digital Earth according to the developing trend of requirements for geo-spatial information services. As a promising prospect for Digital Earth, VisionCruiser is introduced ...

1 Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 2 Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China 3 Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan 4 School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 5 Department of Applied Physics, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan 6 Department of Ear...