In this paper, we make the point that the problems with logics in the BAN tradition are not with the idea of basing reasoning about security protocols using epistemic notions, but with some of the specific decisions taken in the formulation of these logics. To illustrate this statement, we describe a formal logic for security protocol analysis based on well-understood modal operators, knowledge...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a smoking ban in high schools on smoking behaviour among Chilean students. METHODS We conducted an interrupted time-series analysis, using repeated cross-sectional data from Chile's school population survey (2000-2011) for high-school students aged 12-18 years and a control group of persons aged 19-24 years. Poisson regression models were used to assess tre...

AIMS To evaluate the impact of the 2011 Scottish ban on multi-buy promotions of alcohol in retail stores. DESIGN AND SETTING Difference-in-differences analysis was used to estimate the impact of the ban on the volume of alcohol purchased by Scottish households, compared with those in England and Wales, between January 2010 and June 2012. PARTICIPANTS A total of 22 356 households in Scotland...

Tobacco-free policies on college campuses are spreading in Korea. However, the impact of the smoking ban legislation at venues on the boundary of a college campus is still limited. This study aimed to assess short-term changes in PM2.5 concentrations before and after the enactment of the smoking ban legislation to evaluate the impact. In this cross-sectional study, PM2.5 measurements (pre-ban: ...

Background: Previous studies have shown decreases in cardiovascular mortality following the implementation of comprehensive smoking bans. It is not known whether cerebrovascular or respiratory mortality decreases post-ban. On March 29, 2004, the Republic of Ireland became the first country in the world to implement a national workplace smoking ban. The aim of this study was to assess the effect...

AIM To evaluate retailer's compliance and consumer's perceptions of and experiences with the point-of-sale (POS) tobacco display ban in Norway, implemented 1 January 2010. METHODS Retailer compliance was measured using audit surveys. Consumer's perceptions of the ban were assessed in three web surveys: one conducted before and two after implementation of the ban. The sample for each of these ...

a potent new luteinising hormone-releasing hormone agonist Zoladex (ICI 118630) in a phase I clinical trial. On progression of disease 26 patients have undergone therapeutic oophorectomy. We present the clinical and endocrinological responses to treatment in 45 assessable patients. The response rate to Zoladex in this series was 31% and the ER status of the primary tumour was predictive of a re...

OBJECTIVE Twin and family studies suggest that genetic variants contribute to the pathogenesis of bulimia nervosa (BN) and anorexia nervosa (AN). The Price Foundation has supported an international, multisite study of families with these disorders to identify these genetic variations. The current study presents the clinical characteristics of this sample as well as a description of the study me...

Y. Fujita,* Y. Shimbara, T. Adachi, G. P. A. Berg, B. A. Brown, H. Fujita, K. Hatanaka, J. Kamiya, K. Nakanishi, Y. Sakemi, S. Sasaki, Y. Shimizu, Y. Tameshige, M. Uchida, T. Wakasa, and M. Yosoi Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan KVI, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, Th...

In Drosophila, heterozygosity in the pro-apoptotic gene hid significantly reduces apoptosis that is induced by ionizing radiation (IR). Therefore, mechanisms that regulate Hid levels can potentially contribute to life-or-death decision of an irradiated cell. 3'UTR of hid mRNA contains 5 potential binding sites for bantam microRNA. Ectopic expression of ban attenuated apoptosis that results from...