The evolution of reporting about employees in the 20th century culminated in the mandatory disclosures of the Companies Act (1985). This paper reports upon a study of the employee reporting practices of FTSE 100 companies that was carried out by examining the year 2000 annual report and accounts. The analysis whilst noting a wide range of practice among these companies, finds that their annual ...

Risk-neutral (RN) and real-world (RW) densities are derived from option prices and risk assumptions, and are compared with densities obtained from historical time series. Two parametric methods that adjust from RN to RW densities are investigated, firstly a CRRA risk aversion transformation and secondly a statistical calibration. Both risk transformations are estimated using likelihood techniqu...

The paper addresses the constrained mean-semivariance portfolio optimization problem with the support of a novel multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (n-MOEA). The use of semivariance as the risk quantification measure and the real world constraints imposed to the model make the problem difficult to be solved with exact methods. Thanks to the exploratory mechanism, n-MOEA concentrates the sea...

This paper shows how the prices of option contracts traded in financial markets can be tracked sequentially by means of the Extended Kalman Filter algorithm. I consider call and put option pairs with identical strike price and time of maturity as a two output nonlinear system. The Black-Scholes approach popular in Finance literature and the Radial Basis Functions neural network are used in mode...