The sine cosine algorithm’s main idea is the and cosine-based vacillation outwards or towards best solution. first contribution of this paper proposes an enhanced version SCA algorithm called as ESCA algorithm. supremacy proposed over a set state-of-the-art algorithms in terms solution accuracy convergence speed will be demonstrated by experimental tests. When these are transferred to business ...

This paper compares the roles classical and intuitionistic logic play in restricting the free use of truth principles in arithmetic. We consider fifteen of the most commonly used axiomatic principles of truth and classify every subset of them as either consistent or inconsistent over a weak purely intuitionistic theory of truth.

When my son Jason was an economics Ph.D. student at Harvard in the 1990s, he said: “I have observed that only two economists can push you around, Milton Friedman and Gary Becker.” I agreed but argued that it was a good thing. Everyone needed heroes, and Gary had only Milton. Milton had no one, except Ronald Reagan in the 1980s, but Reagan did not really qualify as an economist. Arthur Burns may...

The need for a satisfactory test for pregnancy has long been felt, and numerous tests have been evolved for this purpose. A few of these may be mentioned. The Aschheim-Zondek (1928) test or its modifications depend on the demonstration of the anterior-pituitary-like hormone in the urine of pregnant women. Though this is widely accepted as the most accurate and certain test, it has several disad...