Population’s exponential growth along with drought has increased water resources limitation, especially in arid and semi-arid area. Therefore, the use of non-conventional water is an important tool for water resource management. If unconventional water has no negative impact on soil properties and water, it can be used for irrigation coupled with desertification projects. So, this paper tries t...

Upon salinity challenge, the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase (NKA) of fish kidney plays a crucial role in maintaining ion and water balance. Moreover, the FXYD protein family was found to be a regulator of NKA. Our preliminary results revealed that fxyd12 was highly expressed in the kidneys of the two closely related euryhaline medaka species (Oryzias dancena and O. latipes) from different natural habitats (...

Three species of mussels collected from fresh- and low salinity (10 psu or lower) brackish-water environments in southern Thailand, Singapore, northern Borneo south Sulawesi formed a new, well-supported distinct mytilid clade based on molecular phylogeny. All are small (< 30 mm) with either radially ribbed smooth shells. Internally, the upper edges ascending lamellae outer inner demibranchs are...

INTRODUCTION The classical work of Griffiths (1891) and Fredericq (1901) more than half a century ago showed that fresh-water animals are hypertonic to the media in which they live. If the body wall of a fresh-water animal is permeable to water the animal will suffer from an osmotic inflow of water. Overton (1904) first suggested that the excretory organ of a fresh-water animal helped to balanc...

population’s exponential growth along with drought has increased water resources limitation, especially in arid and semi-arid area. therefore, the use of non-conventional water is an important tool for water resource management. if unconventional water has no negative impact on soil properties and water, it can be used for irrigation coupled with desertification projects. so, this paper tries t...

Population’s exponential growth along with drought has increased water resources limitation, especially in arid and semi-arid area. Therefore, the use of non-conventional water is an important tool for water resource management. If unconventional water has no negative impact on soil properties and water, it can be used for irrigation coupled with desertification projects. So, this paper tries t...

The correlation between water and energy is currently the focus of several investigations. In particular, desalination is a technological process characterized by high energy consumption; nevertheless, desalination represents the only practicable solution in several areas, where the availability of fresh water is limited but brackish water or seawater are present. These natural resources (energ...