In its early development, machine translation adopted rule-based approaches, which can include the use of language syntax. The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the inception of the statistical machine translation (SMT) approach, where translation models can be learned automatically from a parallel corpus rather than created manually by humans. Initial SMT models were word-based and phrase-based, ...

Translation is the task of transforming text from a given language into another. Provided with a sentence in an input language, a human translator produces a sentence in the desired target language. The advances in artificial intelligence in the 1950s led to the idea of using machines instead of humans to generate translations. Based on this idea, the field of Machine Translation (MT) was creat...

Recently, various synchronous grammars are proposed for syntax-based machine translation, e.g. synchronous context-free grammar and synchronous tree (sequence) substitution grammar, either purely formal or linguistically motivated. Aiming at combining the strengths of different grammars, we describes a synthetic synchronous grammar (SSG), which tentatively in this paper, integrates a synchronou...

The phrase table, a scored list of bilingual phrases, lies at the center of phrase-based machine translation systems. We present a method to directly learn this phrase table from a parallel corpus of sentences that are not aligned at the word level. The key contribution of this work is that while previous methods have generally only modeled phrases at one level of granularity, in the proposed m...

Reordering is a critical step for statistical machine translation. The hierarchical phrasebased model (HPB) based on a synchronous context-free grammar (SCFG) is prominent in solving global reorderings. However, the model is inadequate to supervise the reordering process so that sometimes phrases or words are reordered due to the wrong choice of translation rule. In order to solve this problem,...

This paper studies the four-character frame in subtitle of documentary Daming Palace, aiming to provide a reference for translation case as well better spread Chinese culture. By analyzing, researching and summarizing Palace reading lot literature, author has found that is characterized by use absolute frames recurrence some frames, C-E methods are mainly literal translation, free provincial co...