Article 8 of the FCTC, calls for greater protection from exposure to tobacco smoke (Figure 5.4). In the 1980s, some countries began to implement subnational smoke-free policies. By 2004, Ireland, Norway, and New Zealand were the first countries to implement comprehensive smoke-free worksite policies that also included restaurants and bars. Motivated in part by the FCTC mandate to expand smokefr...

Dynamic vehicle routing problems with backhauling (VRPB), although important, have attracted little attention in the literature. Dynamic VRPB is more complex than dynamic vehicle routing problems (VRP) without backhauling, and since VRP without backhauling is a special case of VRPB, models and algorithms for dynamic VRPB can easily be adapted for dynamic VRP. In this paper, the author compared ...

background although iranian women increasingly attend hospitals for childbirth, no information is available on programs and practices related to infection control in labor and delivery units. conclusions the results of this study revealed a need for development of appropriate policies and protocols for infection control practices in labor and delivery units and also midwives training on clean d...

Smoke and tobacco-free policies on hospital campuses have become more prevalent across the U.S. and Europe, de-normalizing smoking and reducing secondhand smoke exposure on hospital grounds. Concerns about the increasing use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and the impact of such use on smoke and tobacco-free policies have arisen, but to date, no systematic data describes e-cigarette pol...

This research is aimed at providing theoretically rigorous, flexible, efficient, and scalable methodologies for intelligent delivery of data in a dynamic and resource constrained environment. Our proposed solution utilizes a uniform client and server profilization for data delivery and describe the challenges in developing optimized hybrid data delivery schedules. We also present an approach th...