the characteristic of denotation (imāra) is its typical speculative exposition (kāshifiyyat), for which the legislator devises validity in respect to this characteristic. in contrast to it is the practical principle that is not concerned with reality and is used simply for getting rid of confusion in practice. in the meantime, the confirming principle (aṣli muḥriz) is set forth, which both enjo...

abstract the traditional or liberal theory of contract always had encounter serious critics. the authors of this article have criticized this theory- based on new theory of unger (a pioneer in the critical legal studies movement) - and also have analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of that. this theory consists of a principle and a counter principle that include freedom of contract against the...

this article aims to study an important principle in discourse analysis, which belongs to paul grice, the contemporary philosopher. he believes that in addition to giving and taking information during a conversation, people also show their cooperation with each other, and so he suggests the ‘cooperative principle’ which contains some principles of subtext. since the cooperative principle is wit...