In recent years energy efficiency in different levels become of prime importance. Studies have been shown that urban planning can play a critical role in this area. At the same time in oil-producing countries like Iran, energy efficiency has not been considered as a national priority. However, in recent years with increase in the population growth, rapid urbanization and acceleration of environ...

hepatitis c can be cured and even eradicated by new “revolutionary” treatments. however, at present exorbitant prices, eastern european countries cannot afford the new treatments, while in western rich and developed countries (e.g. germany and france) they are already available. concerted efforts of governments, public health officials, and the community at large, are needed to negotiate agreem...

Prevention programs, particularly vaccinations, remain highly vulnerable to budget cuts because their benefits may not be immediately identifiable. Seven Western European countries were selected (Germany, England, France, Italy, Spain, Sweden and Portugal) constituting a good mix of vaccine procurement modalities, with the objective to document the proportion of healthcare spending devoted to v...

Background This article assesses the global health policies of the European Union (EU) and those of its individual member states. So far EU and public health scholars have paid little heed to this, despite the large budgets involved in this area. While the European Commission has attempted to define the ‘EU role in Global Health’ in 2010, member states are active in the domain of global health ...

Abstract Recent years have seen a proliferation of publications reconsidering the emergence sociology in France. The present review discusses and compares three these works: S. Mosbah-Natanson’s bibliometric study on fashion around 1900 ( 2017a ); Th. Hirsch’s history idea social time from Durkheimians to Les Annales 2016a M. Joly’s enquiry into purported sociological revolution France Germany ...

outbreak of 2009 european sovereign debt (leverage) crisis has been one of the most crucial economic events of recent years. accordingly, researchers devoted a great deal of efforts to elucidate origins and consequences of this crisis, particularly focusing on its potential effect on international trade flows. yet in the literature, there have been rare studies on exploring the effects of sover...