The optimal spatial design of protected reserves requires attention to the biological mechanisms underlying community organization, and sustaining ecosystem services. Identifying the key mechanisms is especially difficult in species-rich ecosystems. We investigate the example of the tropical rainforest, a biome that is under threat of continuing fragmentation, yet which shelters the majority of...

background: avoidable mortality (am) is one of the most important health indicators (hi) and represents the quality of care in a hospital.objective: this study measured the efficacy of a training program for a hospital healthcare staff to reduce am.methods: this epidemiological study on community intervention analyzed time-series data on hi by semesters from 2008 to 2015. the pre-intervention p...

Background Heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2) is correlated with sperm maturity and function. Therefore, dysfunctional expression of this gene results in abnormal spermatogenesis. On the other hand, DNA damage in spermatozoa is considered to be an important cause of male infertility, and the presence of sperm with DNA fragmentation and chromatin abnormalities in human ejaculates is well documented, ...

the present study describes the fragmentation under electron ionization (ei) of gas phase serine and threonine amino acids. ab initio methods were performed to calculate the fragmentation paths and interpret the mass spectra. the six lowest energy conformers of l-serine, l-threonine and l-allo-threonine were obtained with b3lyp, g3mp2 and mp2 methods. the adiabatic and vertical ionization energ...

Background The impact of reorganisation on health services delivery is a recurring issue in every healthcare system. In 2005 Vietnam reorganised the delivery of health services at the district level by splitting preventive, curative, and administrative roles. This qualitative study explored how these reforms impacted on the organisation of maternal health service delivery at district and commun...

Received: Oct 4, 2016; Accepted: Oct 5, 2016; Published: Nov 1, 2016 different agents in different contexts will not produce the same outcomes. Agents navigate toward mutually agreed outcomes by constantly adapting to evolving changes within the context of local constraints [2]. A complex adaptive system approach overcomes many of the dysfunctions in the current health systems, in particular th...

this study analyzed the determinants of the productivity of smallholder arable crop farmers with a particular focus on land fragmentation using the simpson index as measures of land fragmentation in imo state of nigeria. data collected by using structured questionnaire and interview schedules were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics; simpson index and regression analysis. results showe...

introduction: the amount of expression of bax and bcl-2 genes in infertile men’s sperm as well as its association with sperm parameters and dna fragmentation index is an issue which has not been studied yet. in this research, it is assumed that up-regulation of bax and downregulation of bcl-2 are directly associated with sperm dna fragmentation. methods: after obtaining semen samples from the p...

The aim of this report has been evaluating protamine content and DNA integrity of two patients with globozoospermia undergoing Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Semen analysis was carried out according to WHO criteria. Protamine deficiency and DNA fragmentation was assessed using Chromomycin A3 and sperm chromatin dispersion assay respectively. ICSI and chemical activation were carried ...