Stem cell-mediated gene therapy for fracture repair, utilizes genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the induction of bone growth and is considered a promising approach in skeletal tissue regeneration. Previous studies have shown that murine nonunion fractures can be repaired by implanting MSCs over-expressing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). Nanoinden...

many graph theoretical parameters have been used to describe the vulnerability of communication networks, including toughness, binding number, rate of disruption, neighbor-connectivity, integrity, mean integrity, edgeconnectivity vector, l-connectivity and tenacity. in this paper we discuss integrity and its properties in vulnerability calculation. the integrity of a graph g, i(g), is defined t...

in this paper, a new molecular-structure descriptor, the general sum–connectivity co–index  is considered, which generalizes the first zagreb co–index and the general sum–connectivity index of graph theory. we mainly explore the lower and upper bounds in termsof the order and size for this new invariant. additionally, the nordhaus–gaddum–type resultis also represented.

For an accurate multiscale property modelling of fractured crystalline geothermal reservoirs, enhanced characterisation the geometrical features and variability fracture network properties is essential prerequisite. Combining regional digital elevation model analysis local outcrop investigation, study comprises pattern a reservoir analogue in Northern Odenwald, with LiDAR GIS structural interpr...

Abstract A methodology for simulating groundwater flow in three-dimensional (3D) stochastic fracture rocks based on a commonly used finite-difference method is presented this paper. Different realizations of networks are generated by the continuum (FCM), which appropriate 3D cuboids to describe geometry fractures. Then, effects different parameter distributions indicated that length, orientatio...

The Notch signaling pathway is an important regulator of embryological bone development, and many aspects of development are recapitulated during bone repair. We have previously reported that Notch signaling components are upregulated during bone fracture healing. However, the significance of the Notch pathway in bone regeneration has not been described. Therefore, the objective of this study w...