In their book The Bell Curve, as well as the summary article reviewed here, Charles Murray and Richard Hernstein examine the gap between the IQ scores of blacks and whites in America (Murray and Hernstein 1994). They assert that the mean IQ score of the black population is consistently around 85, while that of the white population is 100, indicating an IQ gap of approximately 15 points or 1 sta...

We model long-run electricity supply and demand for the western United States. We evaluate the costs of carbon-reducing and water-conserving scenarios. Carbon-reducing scenarios become cost-effective at carbon prices of $50–70 per ton CO2. Water-conserving scenarios are only cost-effective above $4000/acre-foot of water. Electricity planning is central to climate policy, but much less so to wat...

Much work now emphasizes the concept that interneuronal networks play critical roles in generating synchronized, oscillatory behavior. Experimental work has shown that functional inhibitory networks alone can produce synchronized activity, and theoretical work has demonstrated how synchrony could occur in mutually inhibitory networks. Even though gap junctions are known to exist between interne...

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in social capital theory in both research and policy arenas. Social capital has been associated with many aspects of improvements in health, environment and development. This paper assesses the theoretical support for a social capital based analysis of environment and health issues with a focus on the water-health nexus in low and middle inc...

The core of games arising from semi-infinite transportation situations with infinitely divisible goods is studied. In these situations one aims at maximizing the profit from transporting a good from a finite number of suppliers to an infinite number of demanders. This good is infinitely divisible. It is shown that the underlying primal and dual infinite programs have no duality gap. Further, th...

Regioselective syntheses of 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles were accomplished by three different strategies, relying on (i) the interception of stoichiometrically formed 5-cuprated-1,2,3-triazoles, (ii) the use of stoichiometrically functionalized alkynes or (iii) catalytic C-H bond functionalizations. This perspective article summarizes progress in this research area until June 2010.

In an ultracold mixture of two different Fermi species of atoms, Cooper pairs can be formed between two different atoms. The masses of one atom and its partner in this kind of Cooper pairs may differ by order of magnitude. In this system, each species of atoms are in the same atomic spin state and two species have the same atomic densities. The pairing gap diminishes if two species have differe...

The purpose of this study was to examine the appropriateness of a nationwide quality assurance framework for e-learning from participants’ perspectives. Two types of quality evaluation programs were examined in this study, including the e-Learning Service Certification program (eLSC) and the e-Learning Courseware Certification program (eLCC). Gap analysis and the innovation attributes were empl...