The modulus of elasticity (E) was determined in simple three- and four-point bending for an 0.0175" (3 X 0.008") stainless steel arch wire. Using variable light loads (10-160 g) to limit the elastic deflection of a wire to less than 5% of its beam length, the force-deflection profiles were determined for three nominal span lengths (L = 0.35", 0.75", and 1.00") in three-point bending and three n...

The bending and growth characteristics of large fresh stems from four silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and three Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees were studied. Twenty logs taken from different stem heights were subjected to four-point bending tests. From the bending test records, we calculated stress-strain curves, which accounted for detailed log taper, shear deformation and self wei...

Flexural fatigue tests are typically run under displacement or in a straincontrolled mode. In these tests, either the oscillatory displacement amplitude or strain amplitude applied to the bottom of the specimen is kept constant. The evolution of loading required to cause fatigue is then measured. Load amplitude decreases with the number of cycles, and the specimen is considered to have failed w...

Usually, fatigue tests on fibre-reinforced composites are performed in uni-axial tension/tension or tension/compression fatigue [1], providing the S-N data. Although bending fatigue tests are not widely accepted as a standard, they are used a lot for research purposes [2] and they do have some important advantages [3]. In case of three-point bending fatigue, the history of bending force versus ...

PURPOSE The electron beam melting (EBM) Ti-6Al-4V material technology has been developed over a short time period. It was introduced through a research to develop Ti-6Al-4V implants for patients, but EBM printed locking compression plates have not been used for clinical implants. The main purpose of this study is to find whether the EBM Ti-6Al-4V plate suit for clinical implants. METHODS Firs...