This paper introduces a new methodology of evolving electronic circuits by which the process of evolutionary design is guaranteed to produce a functionally correct solution. The method employs a mapping to represent an electronic circuit on an array of logic cells that is further encoded within a genotype. The mapping is many-to-one and thus there are many genotypes that have equal fitness valu...

Ultrafast all-optical logic gates that accept optical inputs in which wavelength designates bit position within the overall byte are proposed and demonstrated. Four-wave mixing is shown to provide a conditional test function that can be used to construct any multi-input logic gate. Polarization provides the logic state for each bit. Implementations that use semiconductor optical amplifiers as t...

In recent years, there has been heightened interest in quantum teleportation, which allows for the transfer of unknown quantum states over arbitrary distances. Quantum teleportation not only serves as an essential ingredient in long-distance quantum communication, but also provides enabling technologies for practical quantum computation. Of particular interest is the scheme proposed by D. Gotte...

Decomposing unitaries into a sequence of elementary operations is at the core of quantum computing. Information theoretic arguments show that approximating a random unitary with precision ε requires Ω(log(1/ε)) gates. Prior to our work, the state of the art in approximating a single qubit unitary included the Solovay-Kitaev algorithm that requires O(log(3+δ)(1/ε)) gates and does not use ancilla...

We present some applications of quantum algorithm on many qubits system. We focus in particular on Grover algorithm which we apply to four qubits case. We give definition of some quantum gates used in the context of Grover algorithm as Hadamard gate. We consider specially the case of four qubits system and show that Grover algorithm allows as obtaining a maximal probability to get the result.

Quantum electronic devices with negative differential resistance (NDR) characteristics have been used to design compact multiplexers. These multiplexers may be used either as analog multiplexers where the signal on a single select line selects one out of four analog inputs, or as four-valued logic multiplexers where the select line and the input lines represent one of four quantized signal valu...

A new simple qubit model of black hole evaporation is proposed. The operates on four qubits and defined in terms quantum gates a circuit. chief features the include explicit unitarity (most notably) causality which understood as impossibility transfer information from interior through its horizon. corresponding von Neumann entanglement entropy yields crude (four-qubit) approximation Page curve.

The Visitor Center at the new headquarters of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation aims to promote awareness of the Foundation's history, the philanthropic goals of its founders, and its current work in the areas of health, poverty, and education. Located across the street from the Space Needle and other tourist attractions at the sprawling Seattle Center, its interactive exhibits are designed...

The ubiquitous Catalan numbers Cn = (2n n ) / (n + 1) occur as t (n,−n) in the following table showing the number of ways to reach the point (n,m) on a rectangular grid under certain traffic restrictions, indicated by arrows. m 1↑→ 3↑→ 6↑→ 9↑→ 12↑→ 12↑→ 12↓→ ↘ 2 1↑→ 2↑→ 3↑→ 3↑→ 3↓→ ↘ 12↓→↘ 1 1↑→ 1↑→ 1↓→ ↘ 3↓→↘ 3↓→↘ 12↓→↘ start here 1↑→gate ↘ 1↓→↘ 1↓→↘ 3↓→↘ 6↓→↘ 15↓→↘ −1 ≈ 1 →↘ 1↓→↘ 2↓→↘ 4↓→↘ 9↓...

This paper addresses predicting the impact of access gates on pedestrian flow operations in terms of levels-of-service, congestion levels, average walking times, delays incurred at the gates, etc. To tackle the problem at hand, pedestrian traffic operations for different station design alternatives are predicted using the microscopic pedestrian flow model NOMAD. This is done for reference situa...