We study via numerical simulations a granular chain not only with decreasing radii (forward tapering) in geometric progression, but also decorated with grains positioned on the top and bottom of the chain, without altering its original length. The decorating grains act as an auxiliary chain which traps part of the energy and linear momentum, both propagating as a pulse due to disturbances produ...

The COVID-19 outbreak is a black swan event that has uncovered the delicateness of global supply chains and business architecture. Underpinned by agency theory institutional theory, proposition for continuity in highly regulated pharma industry presented this paper. A cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out on sample 102 chain executives Malaysia. primary data were gathered administe...

Sihto et al. ( 1 ) recently analyzed 114 formalinfixed and paraffin-embedded Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) samples from a Finnish cohort for the presence of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) DNA. They reported that the prevalence of MCPyV DNA in MCC was 79.8% and, surprisingly, that MCPyV DNA – positive MCCs were preferentially located on the limbs compared with MCPyV DNA – negative MCCs. Their da...

This paper presents a comprehensive review of all the options available for computing derivatives of multidisciplinary systems in a unified mathematical framework. The basic building blocks for computing derivatives are first introduced: finite differencing, the complex-step method and symbolic differentiation. A generalized chain rule is derived from which it is possible to derive both algorit...

This paper presents a contextual algorithm for the approximation of Baum’s forward and backward probabilities, which are extensively used in the framework of Hidden Markov chain models for parameter estimation. The method differs from the original algorithm by taking into account only a neighborhood of limited length and not all the data in the chain for computations. It then becomes possible t...

  Background :Dysfunction in the kinetic chain caused by poor scapula stabilization can contribute to shoulder injuries and Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (SIS). The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two treatment approaches scapular stabilization based exercise therapy and physical therapy in patients with SIS.   Methods : The study is a randomized clinical trial in whic...