Effective on January 1, 1998, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) amended the standards to identify several enriched grain products, bromated flour, vegetable macaroni and vegetable noodle products by requiring folic acid fortication. Specifically, the FDA required that these products be fortified with folic acid levels ranging from 0.43 to 1.4 mg/pound or 95 to 309 mg/100 g of product. Alth...

There is good evidence that folic acid is safe and efficacious for reducing neural tube defect (NTD). All women capable of becoming pregnant should take 400 microgram daily. This can be given in the form of a daily vitamin supplement, by food fortification, or by increasing natural dietary folates. Compulsory grain fortification has been shown to reduce NTD in a population but supplementation a...

Food fortification is an effective, low-cost way to eliminate dietary micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. This study in Egypt aimed to evaluate the levels of and variations in fortification with iron, iodine and vitamin A in food products from different manufacturers. Almost all iodized salt samples contained iodine concentrations within Egyptian standards. The iron content of i...

Nutritional deficiency of folate and its further depletion with chemotherapy is common in children with ALL, especially in countries with high prevalence of malnutrition and lack of folate fortification [2]. Despite a documented higher infection-related deaths during induction, and interruption of maintenance chemotherapy in folate deficient children, the theoretical concern of increased relaps...

The contribution of the fortification of flour with calcium carbonate to the Ca intake of 375, 11-14-year-old Northumbrian children has been calculated. Mean Ca intakes were above those currently recommended for children of this age. The fortification of flour supplied 16% of the total Ca intakes. Without the fortification, the percentage of these children with intakes below the recommended int...

Gerhard de Koning Gans presented a paper that looks at the key diversification scheme built in to the iClass contactless smart card system. The key diversification scheme was known to involve a single DES operation followed by a key fortification function. Through some amount of reverse engineering, they determined that the key fortification function is highly invertible. For a given output of ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the 1998 government policy for mandatory fortification of flour and pasta products with folate was followed by a reduction in the prevalence of severe congenital heart defects. DESIGN Time trend analysis. SETTING Province of Quebec, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Infants born in 1990-2005 identified with severe congenital heart defects (tetralogy of Fallot, endocard...

The impact of folate on health and disease, particularly pregnancy complications and congenital malformations, has been extensively studied. Mandatory folic acid fortification therefore has been implemented in multiple countries, resulting in a reduction in the occurrence of neural tube defects. However, emerging evidence suggests increased folate intake may also be associated with unexpected a...

BACKGROUND Congenital malformations (CMF) have an important role in infant mortality. Neural tube defects (NTD) have great relevance from both social and public health points of view. The ECLAMC (Collaborative Latin American Study of Congenital Malformations) maintains in Chile an epidemiological surveillance of CMF prevalence rate at birth since 1969. AIM To assess the effect of wheat flour ...

Iron deficiency in developing countries is attributed to the bioavailability of iron derived from staple food such as grains, vegetables and legumes. Sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (NaFeEDTA), a strong metal chelator, is one of the food additives for iron fortification and it has been used for improvement of iron deficiency in the world. However, the effect of NaFeEDTA on the absor...