Against the backdrop of Covid-19 pandemic, this study explores hedging and safe-haven potential green bonds for conventional equity, fixed income, commodity, forex investments. We use cross-quantilogram approach that provides a better understanding dynamic relationship between assets under different market conditions. Our full sample results show bond index could serve as diversifier asset medi...

Forex bureaus function in an environment filled with various financial risks that influence their performance. These institutions, especially the 21st century, have been faced multiple occurrences culminated to risks. The essence of organizations formulating risk management approaches was caused by collapse reputable businesses such as WorldCom and Enron, this has helped cushion themselves stak...

In searching a market-neutral arbitrage strategy in forex market, we took a portfolio of three major currency pairs, EUR-USD, USD-JPY, and EUR-JPY. There are eight approaches, different cases of short and long positions; for example buying 1st and selling two others, etc. Historical daily FX rates were gathered since January 1990 until February 2011. Monthly covariances between daily growth rat...

Financing demands for the increasing number of large-scale build–own–operate–transfer (BOOT) hydropower projects in Nepal have necessitated greater mobilization foreign investment. International investors and lenders perceive significant exchange (FoREX) risk when investing such projects. In various developing countries, FoREX risk-allocation mechanisms offered by public sector allocate risks t...

Abstract Africanists have written much about interactions between multiple currencies in Africa, yet paperwork-based regulations that apply to these remain less studied. Meanwhile, ethnographic studies of paperwork examine the roles documents more state administration than commercial transactions. Based on research with individuals and institutions involved international transfer franc CFA Cong...