Language classrooms are occasionally anxiety-breeding situations. Foreign language classroom anxiety which negatively affects foreign language learning is typically associated with productive activities mainly speaking skill. To cope with the issue and overcome language learning difficulties, the present study was conducted to explore the impact of mobile-assisted language learning on enhancing...

The ability of cognitive, affective, personality, and demographic variables to predict second-language acqui sition among college students was investigated. An all possible subsets regression analysis was used to compare the propor tion of variance in foreign-language achievement explained by each variable. The analysis revealed that variables from each of the 4 domains were important predictor...

The use of phrasal verbs is problematic for Iranian EFL learners. Accordingly, the present studyinvestigated the performance of Iranian intermediate and advanced EFL learners in separable andinseparable verbs. The total population of the study was one hundred female Iranian EFLlearners who studied English as foreign language in Kaj language institute in Qazvin, Iran. Theparticipants were all fe...

Speech imitation is crucial for language acquisition and second-language learning. Interestingly, large individual differences regarding the ability in imitating foreign-language sounds have been observed. The origin of this interindividual diversity remains unknown, although it might be partially explained by structural predispositions. Here we correlated white-matter structural properties of ...

Understanding and accounting for gender performance differences on high stakes examinations has become a particular concern for educational researchers to ensure test fairness for all examinees. In the context of second/foreign language proficiency testing, research (Ryan and Bachman, 1992) suggests that males and females do not react differently at the item level. However, as Nandakumar (1993)...

This qualitative study analyzes the reasons of college students for learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in Costa Rica and the reasons of high school students for learning German as a foreign language (GFL) in the US. It asks to what extent the learners’ reasons align with or deviate from neoliberal discourses that commodify foreign languages. The analysis of 27 interviews in a US high ...

First language acquisition requires relatively little effort compared to foreign language acquisition and happens more naturally through informal learning. Informal exposure can also benefit foreign language learning, although evidence for this has been limited to speech perception and production. An important question is whether informal exposure to spoken foreign language also leads to vocabu...

the idea is growing among educators that thinking skill needs to be given a direct attention. on one hand, critical thinking is supposed to broaden students’ thinking in all regards (schafersman, 1991); and on the other hand learners’ attitudes towards the second language can affect both their performance in the class and their final accomplishment. to this end, the present study started with t...

the idea that teaching a foreign language has a cultural dimension isn't new.this study is a review of literature on the importance of the synchronized teaching ofculture and language and the exising challenges in this area.thispaper deals with questions like:what is the aim of teaching culture?what are the constituent components of culture?what aspects of culture should be taught and what...