ABSTRACT This article explores the necessary and jointly sufficient conditions for recognition of a ground unlawful discrimination. It is important not only to have coherent understanding currently enumerated grounds, but also theoretical framework that can assist in enumerating new grounds through open-ended “other status” aspect many legal frameworks. To end, this argues personal characterist...

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the recent debate on the notion of grounding. More precisely, we will focus on the notion of complete and immediate formal grounding and we will provide a definition of it through the concepts of derivability and complexity. We will show that this definition allows us a subtle and precise analysis of the concept of grounding in several paradigmatic cases.

Model expansion is a widely accepted way to solve a range of problems. It is achieved by encoding the problem in a declarative (logic) language such that structures which satisfy the specification are solutions to the problem. Model expansion is researched in domains like Knowledge Representation and Answer Set Programming. The ground-andsolve methodology tackles model expansion by converting t...

ite power and grounding audits/evaluations of commercial and industrial locations routinely identify electrical power system grounding and bonding problems. According to S. Frank Waterer, an electrical engineering IEEE Fellow at Schneider Electric with more than 30 years of experience, approximately 70% of all anomalies, dysfunctions, or problems associated with power distribution systems are d...

In the last years the authors have developed a numerical formulation based on the Boundary Element Method for the analysis of grounding systems embedded in uniform soils. This approach has been implemented in a CAD system that currently allows to analyze real grounding grids in real-time in personal computers. The extension of this approach for the grounding analysis in layered soils is straigh...

HEX-programs enrich the well-known Answer Set Programming (ASP) paradigm. In HEX, problems are solved using nonmonotonic logic programs with bidirectional access to external sources. ASP evaluation is traditionally based on grounding the input program first, but recent advances in lazy-grounding make the latter also interesting for HEX, as the grounding bottleneck of ASP may be avoided. We expl...

In this paper, a calculation method of the sheath circulating current is introduced, taking the different grounding types, laying environment, structural parameters of cables into account. Due to the parameters in practice, the circulating currents in sheath are calculated and measured under the conditions of singlepoint grounding and both-end crossbonded grounding. The possible causes, which l...

The grounding process relies on the evidence that speakers give about their understanding (Clark and Schaefer, 1989). However in existing models of grounding (Cahn, 1992; Cahn and Brennan, 1999; Traum, 1999) evidence of understanding is assumed to be symmetrically and synchronously shared by the speakers. We propose a grounding model based on (Cahn, 1992) that removes these simplifications; we ...

Abstract This paper explores a middle way between realism and eliminativism about grounding. Grounding-talk is intelligible useful, but it fails to pick out grounding relations that exist or obtain in reality. Instead, grounding-talk allows us convey facts what metaphysically explains what, the worldly dependence give rise those explanations.